IBEW Local 38 Plumbers Local 55 Sheet Metal Workers' Local 65 Structural Iron Workers Local 17
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Civil Rights Movement in Midwestern United States
State of Illinois
University of Chicago sit-ins
Chicago Public Schools boycott
Chicago Freedom Movement
State of Indiana
Indiana Fair Employment Practice Act
State of Kansas
Brown v. Board of Education
Dockum Drug Store sit-in
Kansas Fair Employment Practices Act
State of Michigan
Detroit Walk to Freedom
Michigan Fair Housing Act
State of Missouri
Shelley v. Kraemer
Missouri Public Accommodation Act
State of Ohio
Ohio Civil Rights Act
Cleveland Convention Center labor dispute
Death of Bruce W. Klunder
The Cleveland Convention Center labor dispute of 1963 was a dispute between the United Freedom Movement (UFM) and four local unions belonging to the AFL–CIO over the unions' institutional racism against African Americans. The dispute occurred during the construction of the Cleveland Convention Center in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. The dispute erupted on June 25, 1963, when the UFM (a coalition of African American civic groups and their supporters) threatened to begin picketing the convention center construction site. After a series of preliminary stop-gap agreements, a final agreement was reached on July 20 in which the unions agreed to admit blacks as members. This agreement collapsed within four days, and a new, more extensive agreement was reached on August 4 after intervention by the United States Department of Labor. Difficulties ensued implementing this agreement, but the threat of picketing ended on September 15. The August 4 agreement was hailed by civil rights groups and the government as a breakthrough in race relations in the American labor movement.
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