Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. It was first described as a genus in 1824.[2][1] The genus is distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaiʻi, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a Hennigian comb-like phylogeny.[3][4]
The genus Claoxylon is usually easily recognizable because the dried leaves in herbariums of most species are rough (few are smooth).
Species[1]
Claoxylon abbreviatum - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores, Sulawesi
moved to other genera (Acalypha, Croton, Discoclaoxylon, Erythrococca, Lobanilia, Macaranga, Mallotus, Micrococca, Orfilea)
C. africanum - Erythrococca africana
C. angolense - Erythrococca angolense
C. atrovirens - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. bakerianum - Lobanilia bakeriana
C. barteri - Erythrococca africana
C. beddomei - Micrococca beddomei
C. capense - Micrococca capensis
C. chevalieri - Erythrococca chevalieri
C. columnare - Erythrococca columnaris
C. cordifolium - Mallotus oppositifolius
C. deflersii - Erythrococca abyssinica
C. dewevrei - Erythrococca dewevrei
C. digynum - Macaranga digyna
C. flaccidum - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. hexandrum - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
C. hirsutum - Micrococca wightii var. hirsuta
C. hirtellum - Lobanilia hirtella
C. hispidum - Erythrococca hispida
C. holstii - Micrococca holstii
C. humblotianum - Micrococca humblotiana
C. inaequilaterum - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. kirkii - Erythrococca kirkii
C. lancifolium - Micrococca lancifolia
C. lasiococcum - Erythrococca trichogyne
C. leucocarpum - Mallotus leucocarpus
C. longifolium Baill. 1858, illegitimate homonym, not (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk. 1844 - Micrococca oligandra
C. luteobrunneum - Lobanilia luteobrunnea
C. macrophyllum Prain 1911, illegitimate homonym, not Hassk. 1848 - Erythrococca macrophylla
C. mannii - Erythrococca mannii
C. membranaceum - Erythrococca membranacea
C. menyharthii - Erythrococca menyharthii
C. mercurialis - Micrococca mercurialis
C. mildbraedii - Erythrococca trichogyne
C. molleri - Erythrococca molleri
C. muricatum - Mallotus resinosus
C. neraudianum - Orfilea neraudiana
C. occidentale - Discoclaoxylon occidentale
C. oleraceum - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. oligandrum - Micrococca oligandra
C. ovale - Lobanilia ovalis
C. patulum - Erythrococca patula
C. pauciflorum Müll.Arg. 1864 not Stapf 1894 - Erythrococca pauciflora
C. pedicellare Müll.Arg. 1864 not Pax & K.Hoffm. 1914 - Discoclaoxylon pedicellare
C. poggei - Erythrococca poggei
C. polyandrum - Erythrococca polyandra
C. preussii - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
C. purpurascens - Erythrococca molleri
C. reticulatum - Acalypha filiformis
C. rivulare - Erythrococca rivularis
C. schweinfurthii - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. sphaerocarpum - Croton sylvaticus
C. spiciflorum - Acalypha spiciflora
C. stipulosum - Mallotus dispar
C. trichogyne - Erythrococca trichogyne
C. triste - Erythrococca tristis
C. virens - Erythrococca menyharthii
C. volkensii - Micrococca volkensii
C. welwitschianum - Erythrococca welwitschiana
C. wightii - Micrococca wightii
^ abcdWorld Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 43, pl. 14, f. 43
^Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
^Forster, P.I. (2007). A taxonomic revision of Claoxylon A.Juss. (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 7: 451-472.
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