Cladistia Pander 1860 emend. Cope 1871 sensu Lund 2000
Orders
Polypteriformes Bleeker, 1859
†Scanilepiformes Sytchevskaya, 1999
†Guildayichthyiformes? Lund, 2000
Cladistia is a clade of bony fishes whose only living members are the bichirs of tropical Africa.[1] Their major synapomorphies are a heterocercal tail in which the dorsal fin has independent rays, and a posteriorly elongated parasphenoid.
Cladistia are the earliest diverging branch of living Actinopterygii, and are thought to have diverged from the Actinopteri, the group which includes all other living ray finned fish, by the Devonian. However, the fossil range for the only extant order (Polypteriformes) is comparatively young, only reaching as far back as the mid-Cretaceous of South America and Africa, and the two extant genera of bichir only diverged around the Miocene.[2]
Aside from bichirs, other extinct fish groups thought to be members of the group include the Scanilepiformes, known from the Middle Permian to the Late Triassic of the Northern Hemisphere.[3][4][5][6] The Guildayichthyiformes of Carboniferous North America are also sometimes considered cladistians, but this is thought to be dubious, with other authorities placing them as neopterygians.[6][7]
^Lecointre G, Le Guyader H (2007). The Tree of Life: A Phylogenetic Classification. Harvard University Press Reference Library. ISBN 978-0-674-02183-9.
^Near, Thomas J.; Dornburg, Alex; Tokita, Masayoshi; Suzuki, Dai; Brandley, Matthew C.; Friedman, Matt (2014-01-02). "BOOM AND BUST: ANCIENT AND RECENT DIVERSIFICATION IN BICHIRS (POLYPTERIDAE: ACTINOPTERYGII), A RELICTUAL LINEAGE OF RAY-FINNED FISHES". Evolution. 68 (4): 1014–1026. doi:10.1111/evo.12323. ISSN 0014-3820.
^Argyriou T, Giles S, Friedman M, Romano C, Kogan I, Sánchez-Villagra MR (November 2018). "Internal cranial anatomy of Early Triassic species of †Saurichthys (Actinopterygii: †Saurichthyiformes): implications for the phylogenetic placement of †saurichthyiforms". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 161. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1264-4. PMC 6211452. PMID 30382811.
^Giles, Sam; Xu, Guang-Hui; Near, Thomas J.; Friedman, Matt (2017). "Early members of 'living fossil' lineage imply later origin of modern ray-finned fishes". Nature. 549 (7671): 265–268. doi:10.1038/nature23654. ISSN 1476-4687.
^Bakaev, A. S.; Kogan, I. (2022). "Squamation of the Permian actinopterygian Toyemia Minich, 1990: evenkiid (Scanilepiformes) affinities and implications for the origin of polypteroid scales". www.geology.cz. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
^ abNear, Thomas J; Thacker, Christine E (18 April 2024). "Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101.
^"The new Actinopterygian order Guildayichthyiformes from the Lower Carboniferous of Montana (USA)". Geodiversitas. 22 (2): 171–206. 2000.
Cladistia is a clade of bony fishes whose only living members are the bichirs of tropical Africa. Their major synapomorphies are a heterocercal tail in...
is otherwise highly inbred. Actinopterygii is divided into the classes Cladistia and Actinopteri. The latter comprises the subclasses Chondrostei and Neopterygii...
Nile River system, mainly swampy, shallow floodplains and estuaries. Cladistia, polypterids and their fossil relatives, are considered the sister group...
Britz, R. (2019). "Revision of the extant Polypteridae (Actinopterygii: Cladistia)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. doi:10.23788/IEF-1094. Effects...
Fish portal Actinopteri /æktɪˈnɒptəraɪ/ is the sister group of Cladistia (bichirs) in the class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish). Dating back to the Permian...
living bony fish and over half of all living vertebrates, including: Cladistia (bichirs and relatives) Chondrostei (sturgeons and paddlefish) Holostei...
Ralf (2019-07-23). "Revision of the extant Polypteridae (Actinopterygii: Cladistia)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. doi:10.23788/IEF-1094. "Polypterus"...
may belong to the crown group, with some of these possibly related to Cladistia (containing bichirs) and/or Chondrostei (which contains sturgeons and...
retain scleral rings, with the rings being absent in the more basal clades Cladistia, Chondrostei, Lepisosteiformes, and Amiiformes. Teleost fish typically...
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