Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts.[1] Civil liberties are simply defined as individual legal and constitutional protections from entities more powerful than an individual, for example, parts of the government, other individuals, or corporations. The explicitly defined liberties make up the Bill of Rights, including freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and the right to privacy.[2] There are also many liberties of people not defined in the Constitution, as stated in the Ninth Amendment: The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
The extent of civil liberties and the percentage of the population of the United States who had access to these liberties has expanded over time. For example, the Constitution did not originally define who was eligible to vote, allowing each state to determine who was eligible. In the early history of the U.S., most states allowed only white male adult property owners to vote (about 6% of the population).[3][4][5] The 'Three-Fifths Compromise' allowed the southern slaveholders to consolidate power and maintain slavery in America for eighty years after the ratification of the Constitution.[6] And the Bill of Rights had little impact on judgements by the courts for the first 130 years after ratification.[7]
^"AskMe: Civil liberties vs. Civil rights".
^Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties
^"Expansion of Rights and Liberties - The Right of Suffrage". Online Exhibit: The Charters of Freedom. National Archives. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
^Murrin, John M.; Johnson, Paul E.; McPherson, James M.; Fahs, Alice; Gerstle, Gary (2012). Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People (6th ed.). Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 296. ISBN 9780495904991.
^Janda, Kenneth; Berry, Jeffrey M.; Goldman, Jerry (2008). The challenge of democracy: government in America (9. ed., update ed.). Houghton Mifflin. p. 207. ISBN 9780618990948.
^"We Hold These Truths to be Self-evident;" An Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Roots of Racism & slavery in America Kenneth N. Addison; Introduction P. xxii
^"The Bill Of Rights: A Brief History". ACLU. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
and 26 Related for: Civil liberties in the United States information
IntheUnitedStates, civil forfeiture (also called civil asset forfeiture or civil judicial forfeiture) is a process in which law enforcement officers...
preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of theUnitedStates." The ACLU works...
Censorship National Rifle Association New York CivilLiberties Union Rutherford Institute UnitedStates Bill of Rights "Constitutionalism". Stanford Encyclopedia...
interpretation, without due process. Though the scope of the term differs between countries, civilliberties may include the freedom of conscience, freedom of press...
The American CivilLiberties Union (ACLU) is an American nonprofit human rights organization founded in 1920. The ACLU developed from the National Civil...
The Privacy and CivilLiberties Oversight Board (PCLOB) is an independent agency within the executive branch of theUnitedStates government, established...
Housing discrimination intheUnitedStates refers to the historical and current barriers, policies, and biases that prevent equitable access to housing...
detention within theUnitedStates or change anything about existing law." Chris Anders from the American CivilLiberties Union called the language on indefinite...
leave to remain). while imprisoned, the right to vote – see Disenfranchisement § United Kingdom. IntheUnitedStates, loss of rights due to criminal conviction...
portal CivillibertiesintheUnitedStates First Amendment to theUnitedStates Constitution Freedom of speech intheUnitedStates Press freedom inthe United...
The Massachusetts Body of Liberties was the first legal code established in New England, compiled by Puritan minister Nathaniel Ward. The laws were established...
TheUnitedStates of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district (Washington, D.C., the capital city of theUnited States)...
the Individual Rights and Responsibilities section of the American Bar Association. She has served as a board member of the American CivilLiberties Union...
with the existing civil disabilities of Catholics. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 restored their civil rights. IntheUnitedStates, the term civil rights...
New CivilLiberties Alliance (NCLA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit public interest law firm founded in 2017 by Columbia Law School professor Philip Hamburger...
implementation of basic civilliberties. IntheUnitedStates, the only "chancellor" established by the federal government is the Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution...
Paul. The intent was to review the USA PATRIOT Act to make sure it does not "inappropriately undermine civilliberties." Its name, as described in Sec....
The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA, enacted November 8, 1978 and codified at 25 U.S.C. §§ 1901–1963) is a UnitedStates federal law that governs...