The circumflex (ˆ) is one of the five diacritics used in French orthography. It may appear on the vowels a, e, i, o, and u, for example â in pâté.
The circumflex, called accent circonflexe, has three primary functions in French:
It affects the pronunciation of a, e, and o. Although it is used on i and u as well, it does not affect their pronunciation.
It often indicates the historical presence of a letter, commonly s, that has become silent and fallen away in orthography over the course of linguistic evolution.
It is used, less frequently, to distinguish between two homophones. For example, sur ('on/about') versus sûr '(sure/safe'), and du ('of the') versus dû ('due')
And in certain words, it is simply an orthographic convention.
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