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Circular algebraic curve information


In geometry, a circular algebraic curve is a type of plane algebraic curve determined by an equation F(xy) = 0, where F is a polynomial with real coefficients and the highest-order terms of F form a polynomial divisible by x2 + y2. More precisely, if FFn + Fn−1 + ... + F1 + F0, where each Fi is homogeneous of degree i, then the curve F(xy) = 0 is circular if and only if Fn is divisible by x2 + y2.

Equivalently, if the curve is determined in homogeneous coordinates by G(x, y, z) = 0, where G is a homogeneous polynomial, then the curve is circular if and only if G(1, i, 0) = G(1, −i, 0) = 0. In other words, the curve is circular if it contains the circular points at infinity, (1, i, 0) and (1, −i, 0), when considered as a curve in the complex projective plane.

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Circular algebraic curve

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In geometry, a circular algebraic curve is a type of plane algebraic curve determined by an equation F(x, y) = 0, where F is a polynomial with real coefficients...

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Curve

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space and skew curves apply also to real algebraic curves, although the above definition of a curve does not apply (a real algebraic curve may be disconnected)...

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Curve of constant width

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instance, the zero set of the polynomial below forms a non-circular smooth algebraic curve of constant width: f ( x , y ) = ( x 2 + y 2 ) 4 − 45 ( x 2...

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List of circle topics

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rational points on the unit circle Circular algebraic curve Circular distribution Circular statistics Mean of circular quantities Polygon-circle graph Splitting...

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Curve fitting

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reflects the observed data. For linear-algebraic analysis of data, "fitting" usually means trying to find the curve that minimizes the vertical (y-axis)...

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Homogeneous coordinates

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circles. This can be generalized to curves of higher order as circular algebraic curves. Just as the selection of axes in the Cartesian coordinate system...

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Conic section

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eccentricity. In analytic geometry, a conic may be defined as a plane algebraic curve of degree 2; that is, as the set of points whose coordinates satisfy...

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Lemniscate

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In algebraic geometry, a lemniscate (/lɛmˈnɪskɪt/ or /ˈlɛmnɪsˌkeɪt, -kɪt/) is any of several figure-eight or ∞-shaped curves. The word comes from the...

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Glossary of classical algebraic geometry

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changes. In classical algebraic geometry, adjectives were often used as nouns: for example, "quartic" could also be short for "quartic curve" or "quartic surface"...

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Arc length

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William Neile's discovery of the first rectification of a nontrivial algebraic curve, the semicubical parabola. The accompanying figures appear on page...

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Winding number

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of the curve, and it is negative if the curve travels around the point clockwise. Winding numbers are fundamental objects of study in algebraic topology...

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Equation

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of algebraic varieties are: plane algebraic curves, which include lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, cubic curves like elliptic curves and...

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Deltoid curve

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Astroid, a curve with four cusps Circular horn triangle, a three-cusped curve formed from circular arcs Ideal triangle, a three-cusped curve formed from...

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Reuleaux triangle

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these four sets. At the other extreme, the curve of constant width that has the maximum possible area is a circular disk, which has area π s 2 / 4 ≈ 0.785...

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Cylinder

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which are parallel to a given line and which pass through a fixed plane curve in a plane not parallel to the given line. Any line in this family of parallel...

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Hypersurface

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generalization of the concepts of hyperplane, plane curve, and surface. A hypersurface is a manifold or an algebraic variety of dimension n − 1, which is embedded...

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Tautochrone curve

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tautochrone curve or isochrone curve (from Ancient Greek ταὐτό (tauto-) 'same', ἴσος (isos-) 'equal', and χρόνος (chronos) 'time') is the curve for which...

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Tangent

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(mathematics)#Behavior of a polynomial function near a multiple root Algebraic curve#Tangent at a point In "Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis" (Acta...

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Superellipse

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is not even, then the curve is pieced together from portions of the same algebraic curve in different orientations. The curve is given by the parametric...

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Boolean algebra

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connection between his algebra and logic was later put on firm ground in the setting of algebraic logic, which also studies the algebraic systems of many other...

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List of mathematical shapes

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normal curve Rose curve Bicuspid curve Cassini oval Cassinoide Cubic curve Elliptic curve Watt's curve Butterfly curve Elkies trinomial curves Hyperelliptic...

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Outline of geometry

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of the oldest mathematical sciences. Absolute geometry Affine geometry Algebraic geometry Analytic geometry Birational geometry Complex geometry Combinatorial...

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Circular points at infinity

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projective plane). In general, an algebraic curve that passes through these two points is called circular. The circular points at infinity are the points...

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Inverse curve

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an arbitrary curve may produce an algebraic curve with proportionally larger degree. Specifically, if C is p-circular of degree n, and if the center of...

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Borromean rings

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been conjectured that they may be realized by copies of any non-circular simple closed curve in space. In knot theory, the Borromean rings can be proved to...

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Differentiable curve

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third derivative may be used to define aberrancy, a metric of non-circularity of a curve. Given n − 1 functions: χ i ∈ C n − i ( [ a , b ] , R n ) , χ i...

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Cubic plane curve

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In mathematics, a cubic plane curve is a plane algebraic curve C defined by a cubic equation F ( x , y , z ) = 0 {\displaystyle F(x,y,z)=0} applied to...

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