The Former Chu Shi Biao engraved in the Temple of Marquis Wu, Chengdu, Sichuan
Traditional Chinese
出師表
Simplified Chinese
出师表
Literal meaning
Memorial on the case to go to war
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Chū Shī Biǎo
Wade–Giles
Chu Shih Piao
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping
Ceot1 Si1 Biu2
The Chu Shi Biao refers to either of two memorials written by Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor of the state of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He presented them to Liu Shan, the second emperor of Shu. The first Chu Shi Biao, which is referred to as the "Former Chu Shi Biao", was presented in 227 before Zhuge Liang embarked on the first of a series of military campaigns (commonly known as the Northern Expeditions) against Shu's rival state, Wei. The second, known as the "Later Chu Shi Biao", was supposedly submitted in 228 before Zhuge Liang left for the second Northern Expedition.
The main topics addressed in the Chu Shi Biaos included the reasons for the Northern Expeditions, as well as Zhuge Liang's personal advice to Liu Shan on how to govern and rule the state.
The authenticity of the Later Chu Shi Biao is disputed and many scholars believe that it was not written by Zhuge Liang.[citation needed]
The ChuShiBiao refers to either of two memorials written by Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor of the state of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period...
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