Global InformationChristchurch information
Christchurch
Ōtautahi (Māori) | |
|---|---|
City | |
Christchurch Central City (2020) Banks Peninsula and Akaroa Harbour Bridge of Remembrance Hagley Park Sumner and Southshore Christchurch Art Gallery | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: The Garden City | |
| Motto(s): Fide Condita Fructu Beata Spe Fortis English: Founded in Faith, Rich in the Fulfillment thereof, Strong in Hope for the Future[1] | |
  Christchurch  Christchurch | |
| Coordinates: 43°32′S 172°37′E / 43.533°S 172.617°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Island | South Island |
| Region | Canterbury |
| Communities |
|
| Wards |
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| Settled by the UK | 1848 |
| Named for | Christ Church, Oxford |
| NZ Parliament | Banks Peninsula Christchurch Central Christchurch East Ilam Selwyn Waimakariri Wigram Te Tai Tonga (Māori) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Phil Mauger |
| • MPs |
|
| • Territorial authority | Christchurch City Council |
| Area [2] | |
| • Territorial | 1,426 km2 (551 sq mi) |
| • Land | 1,415.47 km2 (546.52 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 295.15 km2 (113.96 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,408.1 km2 (929.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation [3] | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Population (June 2023)[4] | |
| • Territorial | 396,200 |
| • Density | 280/km2 (720/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 384,800 |
| • Urban density | 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 521,881 |
| • Metro density | 220/km2 (560/sq mi) |
| • Demonym | Cantabrian |
| Time zone | UTC+12:00 (NZST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+13:00 (NZDT) |
| Postcode(s) | 8011, 8013, 8014, 8022, 8023, 8024, 8025, 8041, 8042, 8051, 8052, 8053, 8061, 8062, 8081, 8082, |
| Area code | 03 |
| Local iwi | Kāti Māmoe, Ngāi Tahu |
| Website | ChristchurchNZ.com |
Christchurch (/ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/ ⓘ; Māori: Ōtautahi) is the largest city in the South Island and the second-largest city by urban area population in New Zealand, after Auckland.[a] Christchurch lies in the Canterbury Region, near the centre of the east coast of the South Island, east of the Canterbury Plains. It is located near the southern end of Pegasus Bay, and is bounded to the east by the Pacific Ocean and to the south by the Banks Peninsula. The Avon River (Ōtākaro) flows through the centre of the city, with a large urban park along its banks.
The first Māori inhabitants migrated to the area sometime between 1000 and 1250 AD.[7] They hunted moa and cleared the mataī and tōtara forest for settlement. The first iwi to settle the Christchurch area were the Waitaha, who migrated to the area in the 16th century. They were followed later by the Kāti Māmoe, who conquered the Waitaha. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Ngāi Tahu migrated to the area and subjugated Kāti Māmoe.[7][8]
Christchurch became a city by royal charter on 31 July 1856, making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand. The Canterbury Association, which settled the Canterbury Plains, named the city after Christ Church, Oxford. The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area, except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south. Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch's economy. The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries. Christchurch is one of five Antarctic gateway cities, hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations.[9]
The city's territorial authority population is 396,200 people, and includes a number of smaller urban areas as well as rural areas.[4] The population of the urban area is 384,800 people.[4] It is the major urban area of an emerging sub-region known as Greater Christchurch.[10] Notable smaller urban areas or satellite towns within this sub-region include Rangiora and Kaiapoi in Waimakariri District, north of the Waimakariri River, and Rolleston and Lincoln in Selwyn District to the south.
The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012, with the most destructive occurring on 22 February 2011, in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city suffered severe damage, with a few central city buildings collapsing. By late 2013, 1,500 buildings in the city had been demolished, leading to ongoing recovery and rebuilding projects. The city later became the site of a terrorist attack targeting two mosques on 15 March 2019.
- ^ "Civic coats of arms". Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ^ "Urban Rural 2020 (generalised) – GIS | | GIS Map Data Datafinder Geospatial Statistics | Stats NZ Geographic Data Service". datafinder.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ "NZ Topographic Map". Land Information New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d e "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (regional councils); "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (territorial authorities); "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (urban areas)
- ^ "Yeah, Nah: Is Wellington (or Christchurch) NZ's second city?". Stuff. 2 September 2022.
- ^ "Functional urban areas – methodology and classification". Statistics New Zealand. 10 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Early Christchurch – a brief history". Christchurch City Libraries. Christchurch City Council. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Home". Ngāi Tahu. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Christchurch – Gateway to Antarctica". Antarctica New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ "Greater Christchurch 2050". www.greaterchristchurch.org.nz/. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
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