The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (Chinese: 中國東省鐵路, Russian: Китайско-Восточная железная дорога, or КВЖД, Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga or KVZhD), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (also known as Manchuria).
The Russian Empire constructed the line from 1897 to 1902 during the Great Game period. The Railway was a concession to Russia, and later the Soviet Union, granted by the Qing dynasty government of Imperial China. The system linked Chita with Vladivostok in the Russian Far East and with Port Arthur, then an Imperial Russian leased ice-free port. The T-shaped line consisted of three branches:
the western branch, now the Harbin–Manzhouli Railway
the eastern branch, now the Harbin–Suifenhe Railway
the southern branch, now part of the Beijing–Harbin Railway
which intersected in Harbin. Saint Petersburg administered the railway and the concession, known as the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone, from the city of Harbin, which grew into a major rail-hub.[1]
The southern branch of the CER, known as the Japanese South Manchuria Railway from 1906, became a locus and partial casus belli for the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, the 1929 Sino-Soviet Conflict, and the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945. The Soviet Union sold the railway to the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in 1935;[2][3] later in 1945 the Soviets regained co-ownership of the railway by treaty.[3] The Soviet Union returned the Chinese Eastern Railway to the People's Republic of China in 1952.[4]
^Liang Chia-pin, “History of the Chinese Eastern Railway: A Chinese Version.” Pacific Affairs 3#2 (1930), pp. 188–211, online
^Kantorovich, A. J. (1935). "The Sale of the Chinese Eastern Railway". Pacific Affairs. 8 (4): 397–408. doi:10.2307/2751239. ISSN 0030-851X. JSTOR 2751239.
^ abCite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Zhang, Shengfa (2010). "The Main Causes for the Return of the Changchun Railway to China". In Bernstein, Thomas P.; Hua-Yu, Li (eds.). China Learns from the Soviet Union, 1949 – Present. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. p. 61.
and 24 Related for: Chinese Eastern Railway information
The ChineseEasternRailway or CER (Chinese: 中國東省鐵路, Russian: Китайско-Восточная железная дорога, or КВЖД, Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga or KVZhD)...
the few exceptions was in Northeastern China (Manchuria). The Russian Empire opened the ChineseEasternRailway in 1901; after the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)...
leased territory to build and operate the ChineseEasternRailway (CER). As with all other major powers in China, Russia demanded concessions along with...
China (1937–1945) Flag of the ChineseEasternRailway used in 1897–1915 Flag of ChineseEasternRailway Shipping Company Flag of the ChineseEastern Railway...
ties to the ChinaEasternRailway. The first generation of Harbin Russians were mostly the builders and employees of the ChineseEasternRailway. They moved...
promise to revoke concessions in China, but the Soviets secretly kept tsarist concessions such as the ChineseEasternRailway, as well as consulates, barracks...
the largest cities in Northeast China. Founded in 1898 with the coming of the Russian-built ChineseEasternRailway, the city first prospered as a settlement...
The ChineseEasternRailway, formerly a tsarist concession, was taken again by the Soviet Union after the 1929 Sino-Soviet conflict, the railway was returned...
case was the ChineseEasternRailway Zone, which was governed as a concession granted by Imperial China to the Russian 'ChineseEasternRailway Society' (in...
ChinaRailway Group are CNY 9.06 trillion (USD 1.24 trillion). Under the Chinese Corporate Law, ChinaRailway Corporation was reorganized into China State...
engineers used it on the ChineseEasternRailway, built in the closing years of the 19th century across the Northeastern China entry to provide a shortcut...
Senior Officer's Flag Fleet Leader's Flag ChineseEasternRailway The flag of the ChineseEasternRailway adopted a combination of Qing dynasty and Russian...
terminus of the Russian-controlled ChineseEasternRailway. The 1890s saw the intensification of rivalries among Qing China, Japan, and Russia – with the lesser...
of the ChineseEasternRailway Board, who in 1923 became the chairman of the board of the society for the establishment of the Russian-Chinese Polytechnic...
1889–1912 Seal of Chinese Imperial Post Flag of the ChineseEasternRailway, 1897–1915 Flag of the commissioner of Weihaiwei with the Chinese dragon in the...
of the Second World War the railway was under joint Chinese and Russian control until the 1950s when the ChineseEastern Railroad and the city of Dalian...
the Trans-Siberian Railway. It bordered the Circum-Baikal Railway on the west and the ChineseEasternRailway on the east. The railway bore the name of...
executive's wife. In late April, the ChineseEasternRailway was cut 65 miles (105 km) south of Harbin, by an estimated 3,000 Chinese soldiers under General Li Hai-ching...
ethnicities including the Chinese. Many Poles were employed at the ChineseEasternRailway, which was managed at the time by Polish railway engineer Stanisław...