Charles Rupert Stockard (1879–1939) was an American anatomist and zoologist.[1]
He was born in Stoneville, Mississippi. In 1906, he joined the Department of Anatomy at Cornell Medical College. He became a professor of anatomy in 1911.[1] He was the president of the American Association of Anatomists (1928–1930).[2] He studied zoology under Thomas Hunt Morgan.[3] He received his PhD in zoology from Columbia University in 1906.[1]
He spent years conducting experiments on the effects of alcohol on germ cells, embryos and offspring.[1] Stockard tested the effects of alcohol intoxication on the offspring of pregnant guinea pigs. He discovered that repeated alcohol intoxication in the guinea pigs produced defects and malformations in their offspring that was passed down to two or more generations. His results were challenged by the biologist Raymond Pearl who performed the same experiments with chickens.[4] Pearl discovered that the offspring of the chickens that had been exposed to alcohol were not defected but were healthy. He attributed his findings to the detrimental effects of alcohol only on the eggs and sperm which were already weak, the strong eggs and sperm were unaffected by alcohol intoxication. Pearl argued that his results had a Darwinian, not a Lamarckian explanation.[4]
Other controversial experiments by Stockard included producing teratology in fetuses by inducing hypoxia in the mother.[5] He was the managing editor of American Journal of Anatomy and the coeditor of the Journal of Experimental Zoology.[6]
Stockard was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1922 and the American Philosophical Society in 1924.[7][8]
^ abcd"The Charles Rupert Stockard, PHD (1879–1939) Papers". Medical Center Archives of New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell.
^"Stockard, Charles Rupert". Bull N Y Acad Med. 15 (6): 423. 1939. PMC 1911405.
^Garraty, John Arthur; Carnes, Mark Christopher. (1999). American National Biography, Volume 20. Oxford University Press. p. 804
^ abBlumberg, Mark S. (2010). Freaks of Nature: And What They Tell Us about Evolution and Development. Oxford University Press. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-0-19-921306-1
^Macorini, Edgardo. (1988). The History of Science and Technology: 1900–1970. Facts on File. p. 564
^Hinsey, Joseph C. (1940). Professor Charles Rupert Stockard. The Anatomical Record. 76: 1–7.
CharlesRupertStockard (1879–1939) was an American anatomist and zoologist. He was born in Stoneville, Mississippi. In 1906, he joined the Department...
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The study was done in response to reports by American researcher CharlesRupertStockard that the offspring of alcohol-exposed guinea pigs exhibited defects...
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Bette Midler, Goldie Hawn, Diane Keaton, Dan Hedaya, Sarah Jessica Parker, Stockard Channing, Victor Garber, Stephen Collins, Elizabeth Berkley, Marcia Gay...
It's Only a Play, with F. Murray Abraham, Matthew Broderick, Stockard Channing, Rupert Grint, Megan Mullally, and Micah Stock. The show became one of...
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Chamberlin Gower Champion Marge Champion Adam Chanler-Berat Carol Channing Stockard Channing Sydney Chaplin Cyd Charisse Will Chase Kristin Chenoweth Maurice...
Weekend Television Charles Sturridge (director/screenplay); Tim Sullivan, Derek Granger (screenplay); James Wilby, Kristin Scott Thomas, Rupert Graves, Anjelica...
Gregory Dunne, Joan Didion (screenplay); Robert Redford, Michelle Pfeiffer, Stockard Channing, Joe Mantegna, Kate Nelligan, Glenn Plummer, James Rebhorn, Scott...
Nichols (director); Nora Ephron (screenplay); Meryl Streep, Jack Nicholson, Stockard Channing, Jeff Daniels, Miloš Forman, Steven Hill, Catherine O'Hara, Mamie...
Amanda Peet ASA Laura Hellinger Does not appear Recurring Does not appear Stockard Channing Veronica Loy Does not appear Recurring Guest Recurring Does not...
Pictures / GK Films Ben Affleck (director/screenplay); Peter Craig, Aaron Stockard (screenplay); Ben Affleck, Jon Hamm, Rebecca Hall, Jeremy Renner, Pete...
Emily Watson, Rachel Griffiths, James Frain, David Morrissey, Charles Dance, Celia Imrie, Rupert Penry-Jones, Bill Paterson, Nyree Dawn Porter, Vernon Dobtcheff...
Business of Strangers IFC Films Patrick Stettner (director/screenplay); Stockard Channing, Julia Stiles, Fred Weller How High Universal Pictures / Jersey...
Bergman (director); Paul Rudnick (screenplay); Bette Midler, Nathan Lane, Stockard Channing, David Hyde Pierce, John Cleese, John Larroquette, Amanda Peet...
Berger, Jan Bidlas, Stuart Bunce, Charles De'Ath, Neil Dudgeon, Rudolph Fleischer, Garrick Hagon, David Hatton, Rupert Penry-Jones, Jan Kohout, Rory Jennings...
N/A (N/A) N/A Starring: Joseph Fiennes as Michael Jackson, Brian Cox as Marlon Brando, Stockard Channing as Elizabeth Taylor, Carrie Fisher as herself...
Mentioned Barbara Gordon Batgirl Melissa Gilbert Mentioned Tara Strong Stockard Channing, Angie Harmon Cameo Mentioned Mary Kay Bergman Angie Harmon...
(director/screenplay); John Cusack, Diane Lane, Dermot Mulroney, Elizabeth Perkins, Stockard Channing, Christopher Plummer, Brad William Henke, Colin Egglesfield, Ali...
Payne Havant Chas & Dave "Ain't No Pleasing You" 2 Donna Elson Oldham Stockard Channing "There are Worse Things I Could Do" 3 Gregory Lawrence Peterborough...
the line loudly in a mixture of horror, incredulity, and condescension. Stockard Channing, in the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin in 2010, hushed the line, in a...
Pictures Arthur Hiller (director); Janet Kovalcik (screenplay); Beau Bridges, Stockard Channing, Robert Sean Leonard, Mary Stuart Masterson, Cybill Shepherd,...