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Characteristic polynomial information


In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues as roots. It has the determinant and the trace of the matrix among its coefficients. The characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of that endomorphism over any base (that is, the characteristic polynomial does not depend on the choice of a basis). The characteristic equation, also known as the determinantal equation,[1][2][3] is the equation obtained by equating the characteristic polynomial to zero.

In spectral graph theory, the characteristic polynomial of a graph is the characteristic polynomial of its adjacency matrix.[4]

  1. ^ Guillemin, Ernst (1953). Introductory Circuit Theory. Wiley. pp. 366, 541. ISBN 0471330663.
  2. ^ Forsythe, George E.; Motzkin, Theodore (January 1952). "An Extension of Gauss' Transformation for Improving the Condition of Systems of Linear Equations" (PDF). Mathematics of Computation. 6 (37): 18–34. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-1952-0048162-0. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  3. ^ Frank, Evelyn (1946). "On the zeros of polynomials with complex coefficients". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 52 (2): 144–157. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1946-08526-2.
  4. ^ "Characteristic Polynomial of a Graph – Wolfram MathWorld". Retrieved August 26, 2011.

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Characteristic polynomial

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In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues...

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Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

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of a polynomial with degree 5 or more. (Generality matters because any polynomial with degree n {\displaystyle n} is the characteristic polynomial of some...

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Characteristic equation

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obtained by equating to zero the characteristic polynomial of a matrix or of a linear mapping Method of characteristics, a technique for solving partial...

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Matroid

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isomorphic matroids have the same polynomial. The characteristic polynomial of M – sometimes called the chromatic polynomial, although it does not count colorings...

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Characteristic

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meanings in specific domains Characteristic polynomial, a polynomial associated with a square matrix in linear algebra Characteristic subgroup, a subgroup that...

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Linear differential equation

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differential equation is a differential equation that is defined by a linear polynomial in the unknown function and its derivatives, that is an equation of the...

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Determinant

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computationally much more efficient. Determinants are used for defining the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix, whose roots are the eigenvalues. In geometry...

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Linear recurrence with constant coefficients

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homogeneous, the coefficients determine the characteristic polynomial (also "auxiliary polynomial" or "companion polynomial") p ( λ ) = λ n − a 1 λ n − 1 − a 2...

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Jordan normal form

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all eigenvalues of the matrix lie in K, or equivalently if the characteristic polynomial of the operator splits into linear factors over K. This condition...

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Reciprocal polynomial

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coefficients of p in reverse order. Reciprocal polynomials arise naturally in linear algebra as the characteristic polynomial of the inverse of a matrix. In the special...

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Eigenvalue algorithm

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the characteristic polynomial of A. So the algebraic multiplicity is the multiplicity of the eigenvalue as a zero of the characteristic polynomial. Since...

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List of polynomial topics

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Bernstein polynomial Characteristic polynomial Minimal polynomial Invariant polynomial Abel polynomials Actuarial polynomials Additive polynomials All one...

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Matrix polynomial

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A} ; this polynomial is the minimal polynomial. Any polynomial which annihilates A {\displaystyle A} (such as the characteristic polynomial) is a multiple...

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Adjugate matrix

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)}{\det \mathbf {A} }},} where xi is the ith entry of x. Let the characteristic polynomial of A be p ( s ) = det ( s I − A ) = ∑ i = 0 n p i s i ∈ R [ s...

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Elementary symmetric polynomial

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elementary symmetric polynomials are one type of basic building block for symmetric polynomials, in the sense that any symmetric polynomial can be expressed...

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Characteristic function

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vectors. The characteristic function of a cooperative game in game theory. The characteristic polynomial in linear algebra. The characteristic state function...

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Autoregressive model

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{1}{\phi (B)}}\varepsilon _{t}\,.} When the polynomial division on the right side is carried out, the polynomial in the backshift operator applied to ε t...

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Companion matrix

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of p ( x ) {\displaystyle p(x)} , while the characteristic polynomial as well as the minimal polynomial of C ( p ) {\displaystyle C(p)} are equal to...

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Algebraically closed field

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F, then the polynomial (x − a1)(x − a2) ⋯ (x − an) + 1 has no zero in F. However, the union of all finite fields of a fixed characteristic p is an algebraically...

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Polynomial ring

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of algebra, a polynomial ring or polynomial algebra is a ring (which is also a commutative algebra) formed from the set of polynomials in one or more...

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Frobenius normal form

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First, it requires finding all eigenvalues, say as roots of the characteristic polynomial, but it may not be possible to give an explicit expression for...

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Matrix similarity

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the ring of polynomials, of the matrix (with polynomial entries) XIn − A (the same one whose determinant defines the characteristic polynomial). Note that...

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Transfer function

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{\displaystyle u=e^{\lambda t}} . That substitution yields the characteristic polynomial p L ( λ ) = λ n + a 1 λ n − 1 + ⋯ + a n − 1 λ + a n {\displaystyle...

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Polynomial

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In mathematics, a polynomial is a mathematical expression consisting of indeterminates (also called variables) and coefficients, that involves only the...

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