Salvadoran government Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
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The Chapultepec Peace Accords. For Maurice Lemoine, French intellectual “at the negotiating table, puts an end to a sixty-year-old military hegemony and will allow a deep reform of the State based on a series of unprecedented measures: respect for universal suffrage; reform of the judiciary; constitutional reform; separation of Defense and Public Security, downsizing of the army, creation of a national civilian police
The Chapultepec Peace Accords were a set of peace agreements signed on January 16, 1992, the day in which the Salvadoran Civil War ended. The treaty established peace between the Salvadoran government and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). It was signed in Chapultepec Castle, Mexico.[1][2][3]
The treaty was negotiated[4] by representatives of the Salvadoran government, the rebel movement FMLN, and political parties, with observers from the Roman Catholic Church and United Nations. The peace talks were mediated by Álvaro de Soto, the special representative of the UN Secretary-General.[5]
The final agreement was divided into 9 chapters that covered 5 fundamental areas:
Modification of the Armed Forces and demobilization of all armed FMLN units;
Replacement of the National Guard with the National Civil Police;
Modifications to the judicial system and the defense of human rights;
Modification to the electoral system;
The adoption of measures affecting the economic and social fields.
Compliance with the agreements took place under the supervision of a special mission of the United Nations, which gave a settlement after 3 years of management.[6][1] On December 31, 1991, the government and the FMLN initialed a preliminary peace agreement under the auspices of UN Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar. The final agreement was signed in Mexico City on January 16, 1992, at Chapultepec Castle.
A nine-month ceasefire took effect on February 1, 1992,[7] and it has never been broken.
^ abUppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, El Salvador, In Depth: Negotiating a settlement to the conflict, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=51®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas# Archived 2013-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, viewed on May 24, 2013
^Edelberto Torres Rivas (1993). "Historia General de Centroamérica". Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario y Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. Mexico.
^Fernando Orgambides (2008). "El Salvador recupera la paz tras 12 años de guerra". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Pugh, Jeffrey (January 2009). "The Structure of Negotiation: Lessons from El Salvador for Contemporary Conflict Resolution". Negotiation Journal. 25 (1): 83–105. doi:10.1111/j.1571-9979.2008.00209.x.
^De Soto, Alvaro. 1999. "Ending violent conflict in El Salvador." In A. Crocker, F. Hampson, and P. Aall, eds. Herding cats: Multiparty mediation in a complex world. Washington, DC: USIP Press
^United Nations. "Establishment of ONUSAL". Universidad Centroamericana. Archived from the original on January 25, 2008. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
^February 02, 1992|By The New York Times News Service, The Baltimore Sun, Civil war ends at last in El Salvador, but differences persist after cease-fire, http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-02-02/news/1992033025_1_el-salvador-san-salvador-peace-commission
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