Chao Cuo (simplified Chinese: 晁错; traditional Chinese: 晁錯, ca. 200–154 BC[1]) was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer. He was a political advisor and official of the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD), renowned for his intellectual capabilities and foresight in martial and political matters. He was an early advocate of revoking the heqin treaty with the Xiongnu nomads of the north. He compared the relative strengths and weaknesses of both Han Chinese and Xiongnu military tactics. In a written work of 169 BC, he advocated a systematic policy to populate and defend frontier zones. He proposed that civilian migrants supported by the government could simultaneously train as militia units while developing and cultivating remote regions which were under frequent attack by nomadic forces. He fell victim to execution when political rivalries at the imperial court convinced Emperor Jing that Chao's death would curtail or at least mitigate the Rebellion of the Seven States.
Chao took part in reviving from oblivion the Classic of History, one of the early canons of Confucian philosophy. Despite this, and despite being well aware of the failings of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC), he was described by later Eastern Han scholars as a Legalist. Chao's intellectual background was steeped in the writings of Legalist philosophers such as Shang Yang (d. 338 BC) and Shen Buhai (d. 337 BC). The essays written by Chao which are preserved in the 1st century AD Book of Han do not reveal any influence of Confucian social or ethical ideas.[2][3]
^3rd year of the Former period of Emperor Jing's reign. The year corresponds to 9 Nov 155 BCE to 29 Oct 154 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar.
^Loewe (1986), 149.
^Kinney, Anne Behnke (2004). Representations of Childhood and Youth in Early China. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4731-8.
ChaoCuo (simplified Chinese: 晁错; traditional Chinese: 晁錯, ca. 200–154 BC) was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer. He was a political advisor...
customary, he established his own household, and a member of his household, ChaoCuo (晁錯), known for his intelligence and ruthless efficiency as well as his...
well due to its greater stability, but at the cost of speed. In 169 BC, ChaoCuo observed that by using the crossbow, it was possible to overcome the Xiongnu:...
way of using them because they were too short for their bows. In 169 BC, ChaoCuo observed that by using the crossbow, it was possible to overcome the Xiongnu:...
mentors in the doctrines of Shen Buhai, and appointed another Legalist, ChaoCuo. ChaoCuo is regarded by the Hanshu as a student of the doctrines of Shen Buhai...
Legalist, but actual philosophy did not develop until hundred years later. ChaoCuo Han Feizi, synthesizer of Legalist theories. Li Kui Li Si Shang Yang Shen...
Qin Shi Huang Han figures Jia Yi Emperor Wen of Han Emperor Wu of Han ChaoCuo Gongsun Hong Zhang Tang Huan Tan Wang Fu Zhuge Liang Later figures Emperor...
especially cancellation of television programs.[citation needed] Li Si (Qin) ChaoCuo (Han) Gongsun Ao (Han) Liu Qumao (劉屈氂) (Han) Ren An (任安) (Han) Yang Yun...
Qin Shi Huang Han figures Jia Yi Emperor Wen of Han Emperor Wu of Han ChaoCuo Gongsun Hong Zhang Tang Huan Tan Wang Fu Zhuge Liang Later figures Emperor...
The seven princes claimed that ChaoCuo was aiming to wipe out the principalities and that they would be satisfied if Chao were executed. The four principalities...
Han-era official ChaoCuo 晁錯 (200-154 BCE). Both appear in Hanshu Chapter 24, the Treatise on Food and Money 食貨志. Li Kui and ChaoCuo both emphasize the...
Aelius Stilo Praeconinus, Roman philologist and speechwriter (d. 74 BC) ChaoCuo, Chinese advisor and official of the Han dynasty (b. c. 200 BC) Liu Pi...
about a nomadic group of shepherds) is set in 200 BC.[citation needed] ChaoCuo, Chinese political advisor and official (approximate date) Gongsun Hong...
dynasty that detailed illustrations appeared. A memorial of 169 BC by ChaoCuo recorded in the Book of Han describes the use of rotating crossbowmen against...
Dowager Bo, imperial concubine of Emperor Gao of the Han dynasty 154 BC ChaoCuo, Chinese advisor and official of the Han dynasty (b. c. 200 BC) Liu Pi...
curbed Bo's powers earlier and saved his life in that manner. In 169 BCE, ChaoCuo (晁錯), then a low-level official, offered Emperor Wen a number of suggestions...
Qin Shi Huang Han figures Jia Yi Emperor Wen of Han Emperor Wu of Han ChaoCuo Gongsun Hong Zhang Tang Huan Tan Wang Fu Zhuge Liang Later figures Emperor...
Qin Shi Huang Han figures Jia Yi Emperor Wen of Han Emperor Wu of Han ChaoCuo Gongsun Hong Zhang Tang Huan Tan Wang Fu Zhuge Liang Later figures Emperor...
the ability to avoid registering as merchants (unlike the shopkeepers), ChaoCuo (d. 154 BC) states that they wore fine silks, rode in carriages pulled...
Qin Shi Huang Han figures Jia Yi Emperor Wen of Han Emperor Wu of Han ChaoCuo Gongsun Hong Zhang Tang Huan Tan Wang Fu Zhuge Liang Later figures Emperor...
during the reign of Emperor Jing (r. 156–141 BCE), his political advisor ChaoCuo recommended the abolition of all fiefdoms, a policy that led in 154 BCE...
political propaganda, claimed that ChaoCuo was aiming to wipe out the principalities, and that they would be satisfied if Chao were executed. but then he died...
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