Centaurea melitensis (called Maltese star-thistle[1][2] in Europe, tocalote or tocolote in western North America) is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae, 1 to 11 decimetres (4 to 43 in) high, with resin-dotted leaves and spine-tipped phyllaries. This plant is native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and Africa. It was introduced to North America in the 18th century; the first documented occurrence in California is in the adobe of a building constructed in San Fernando in 1797. It is also naturalized on a number of Pacific islands.
^BSBI List 2007(xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Centaurea melitensis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
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Centaureamelitensis (called Maltese star-thistle in Europe, tocalote or tocolote in western North America) is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae...
graeca feed on Centaureamelitensis and Cirsium creticum, while the larvae of subspecies sultana feed on Centaurea solstitialis, Centaurea salonitana, Carduus...
feed on two other introduced Centaurea species (Maltese starthistle, Centaureamelitensis L.; Sicilian starthistle, Centaurea sulphurea Willd.) and the Native...
habitat are Avena spp., Brachypodium distachyon, Brassica nigra, Centaureamelitensis, Cynara cardunculus, and Foeniculum vulgare. Other examples of habitat...
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