Territories in Northwestern Europe in which Celtic cultural traits have survived
The six Celtic nations
Brittany
Cornwall
Ireland
Isle of Man
Scotland
Wales
The Celtic nations or Celtic countries[1] are a cultural area and collection of geographical regions in Northwestern Europe where the Celtic languages and cultural traits have survived.[2][failed verification] The term nation is used in its original sense to mean a people who share a common identity and culture and are identified with a traditional territory.[according to whom?]
The six regions widely considered Celtic countries in modern times are Brittany (Breizh), Cornwall (Kernow), Ireland (Éire), the Isle of Man (Mannin, or Ellan Vannin), Scotland (Alba), and Wales (Cymru).[1][3] In each of these six regions a Celtic language is spoken to some extent: Brittonic or Brythonic languages are spoken in Brittany (Breton), Cornwall (Cornish), and Wales (Welsh), whilst Goidelic or Gaelic languages are spoken in Scotland (Scottish Gaelic), Ireland (Irish), and the Isle of Man (Manx).[4]
Before the expansions of Ancient Rome and the Germanic and Slavic-speaking tribes, a significant part of Europe was dominated by Celtic-speaking cultures, leaving behind a legacy of Celtic cultural traits.[5] Territories in north-western Iberia—particularly northern Portugal, Galicia, Asturias, León, and Cantabria (together historically referred to as Gallaecia and Astures), covering north-central Portugal and northern Spain— are not considered Celtic nations despite having had a Celtic presence in their territories.[6] Unlike the others, no Celtic language is attested there, unlike Celtiberia, and has been spoken in modern times.[6][7][8] Similar evidence of Celtic influence exists across Europe in various regions of countries such as Italy, Austria, or the Czech Republic.
The concept of the Celtic nations is widely promoted by pan-Celtic movements, including political and cultural organizations like the Celtic League or International Celtic Congress.
^ abKoch 2006, pp. 365–366.
^Koch 2006, pp. xx, 300, 421, 495, 512, 583, 985.
^"Constitution of the League". The Celtic League. 2015. Archived from the original on 16 April 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
^Koch 2006, p. 365.
^Johnston, Ian (21 September 2006). "We're nearly all Celts under the skin". The Scotsman. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
^ abAlberro, Manuel (2005). "Celtic Legacy in Galicia". E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. 6: 1005–1035. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
^Koch 2006, pp. 365, 697, 788–791.
^"Site Officiel du Festival Interceltique de Lorient". Festival Interceltique de Lorient. 2009. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
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