The Ceinture Rouge ('Red Belt') refers to the communes of the Île-de-France that were dominated by the French Communist Party from the 1920s until the 1980s. These communes are those that are traditionally working-class areas whose residents were employed in the heavy and light industries that once dominated the economic landscape of the Petite Couronne (the departments that border Paris) and large population centers in the outer departments of the Île-de-France.
Communes around Paris with a mayor from either the communist PCF or the related FASE party after the 2014 municipal elections.
While the phenomenon is not specific to Paris and can also be seen in Lyon, Turin, Milan or Genoa, for example,[1] "its scale and, most importantly, the length of the communist implantation in these municipalities make it a unique phenomenon in Europe".[2]
The strength of the French Communist Party in these areas also led to this party forming the government at the departmental level in Seine-Saint-Denis from its creation in 1967 up to 2008, when control of the Departmental Council went to the Socialist Party of France.
^Cite error: The named reference Sirinelli2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Raad, Lina (November 29, 2014). Transformations sociales en banlieue rouge - Politiques locales, stratégies résidentielles et inscription territoriale des classes moyennes (PhD). Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7.
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