County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos c. 1300–1331, 1360/62–1479
Walter VI of Brienne 1331–1360
Ottoman Empire 1479–1502, 1503–1684
Republic of Venice 1684–1797
First French Republic 1797–1799
Septinsular Republic 1800–1807
First French Empire 1807–1810
United Kingdom 1810–1864
Greece since 1864
Open to the public
Yes
Condition
Preserved
Site history
Built
c. 1300, rebuilt 1572–1574, c. 1713
Built by
County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos, Ottoman Empire, Republic of Venice
Materials
hewn stone (ashlar)
The Castle of Santa Maura (Greek: Κάστρο της Αγίας Μαύρας) is a fortress on the northeastern tip of the Greek island of Lefkada. The castle began as a small fortification in c. 1300 to control access to the island, before it was expanded to become a walled town and the island's capital by the early 15th century. The Ottoman Empire took possession in 1479, and a century later rebuilt and enlarged it, giving it largely its present shape. A sizeable town grew outside the castle walls by the 1670s.
The fortress was captured by the Republic of Venice in 1684 after a brief siege. Under the Venetians, the castle was converted into a purely military installation; the walled town and the outskirts adjoining the walls were razed to improve its defences, and the capital moved onto the island itself, at the site of the present city of Lefkada. The fortress was modernized in the early 18th century, but was briefly abandoned by the overstretched Venetians in 1715–1716, during the Republic's last war with the Ottomans. The fortress, like the island, changed hands between France, the Russians, the Septinsular Republic, and the French again in 1797–1810, before being captured by the British, who controlled it until the cession of the Ionian Islands to Greece in 1864.
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