The Cassegrain reflector is a combination of a primary concave mirror and a secondary convex mirror, often used in optical telescopes and radio antennas, the main characteristic being that the optical path folds back onto itself, relative to the optical system's primary mirror entrance aperture. This design puts the focal point at a convenient location behind the primary mirror and the convex secondary adds a telephoto effect creating a much longer focal length in a mechanically short system.[1]
In a symmetrical Cassegrain both mirrors are aligned about the optical axis, and the primary mirror usually contains a hole in the center, thus permitting the light to reach an eyepiece, a camera, or an image sensor. Alternatively, as in many radio telescopes, the final focus may be in front of the primary. In an asymmetrical Cassegrain, the mirror(s) may be tilted to avoid obscuration of the primary or to avoid the need for a hole in the primary mirror (or both).
The classic Cassegrain configuration uses a parabolic reflector as the primary while the secondary mirror is hyperbolic.[2] Modern variants may have a hyperbolic primary for increased performance (for example, the Ritchey–Chrétien design); and either or both mirrors may be spherical or elliptical for ease of manufacturing.
The Cassegrain reflector is named after a published reflecting telescope design that appeared in the April 25, 1672 Journal des sçavans which has been attributed to Laurent Cassegrain.[3] Similar designs using convex secondary mirrors have been found in the Bonaventura Cavalieri's 1632 writings describing burning mirrors[4][5] and Marin Mersenne's 1636 writings describing telescope designs.[6] James Gregory's 1662 attempts to create a reflecting telescope included a Cassegrain configuration, judging by a convex secondary mirror found among his experiments.[7]
The Cassegrain design is also used in catadioptric systems.
^Wilson, Raymond N. (2013). Reflecting Telescope Optics I: Basic Design Theory and its Historical Development. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-3-662-30863-9.
^"Diccionario de astronomía y geología. Las ciencias de la Tierra y del Espacio al alcance de todos. Cassegrain". AstroMía.
^Baranne, André; Launay, Françoise (1997). "Cassegrain: un célèbre inconnu de l'astronomie instrumentale" [Cassegrain: a famous unknown of instrumental astronomy]. Journal of Optics (in French). 28 (4): 158–172. doi:10.1088/0150-536X/28/4/004.
^Lo specchio ustorio, overo, Trattato delle settioni coniche
^Stargazer, the Life and Times of the Telescope, by Fred Watson, p. 134
^Stargazer, p. 115.
^Stargazer, pp. 123 and 132
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