Caroline Southwood Hill (néeSmith; 21 March 1809 – 31 December 1902) was an English educationalist and writer. In 1837 she established and ran a Pestalozzian infant school in Wisbech; the building now survives as part of the Angles Theatre. [1] She was involved in many co-operative ventures, and moved in a radical circle of other reformers. She wrote three children's books and contributed works to a range of publications such as The Nineteenth Century and Charles Dickens's Household Words.[2]
She was the daughter of Thomas Southwood Smith (1788–1861), a physician and sanitary reformer. In 1832 she became governess to the six surviving children of James Hill, and after the death of his second wife Eliza (1802-1832) they married on 21 July 1835. She was the mother of Gertrude (born 1837) who married Charles Lee Lewes, stepson of George Eliot,[3] Octavia Hill (1838–1912) and Miranda Hill (1836–1910), both activists and social reformers; and Emily (born 1840) who married the son of Christian Socialist F. D. Maurice; and Florence (born 1843).[2]
The Octavia Hill Birthplace House on the South Brink, Wisbech operated by the Octavia Hill Society contains many items belonging to the Hill family and there is a blue plaque to James and Caroline Hill on the former school building they built in 1837.[4]
^Wright, Neil R (2016). Treading the Boards. Society for Lincolnshire History & Archaeology.
^ abGleadle, Kathryn. "Hill [née Smith], Caroline Southwood (1809–1902)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/60328. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Darley, Gillian. "Hill, Octavia (1838-1912)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^"Angles Theatre". Historic England. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
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