"Cornelian" redirects here. For other uses, see Cornelian (disambiguation).
"Sard" redirects here. For other uses, see Sard (disambiguation).
Carnelian
General
Category
Chalcedony variety
Formula (repeating unit)
SiO2 (silicon dioxide)
Crystal system
Trigonal
Identification
Formula mass
60 g/mol
Color
Reddish, orange, brownish
Cleavage
Absent
Fracture
Uneven, splintery, conchoidal
Mohs scale hardness
6.5–7.0
Luster
Waxy to resinous
Streak
White
Diaphaneity
Translucent to opaque
Specific gravity
2.58–2.64
Optical properties
Uniaxial +
Refractive index
1.535–1.539
Birefringence
0.003–0.009
References
[1][2]
Carnelian (also spelled cornelian)[3] is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semiprecious stone. Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder and darker; the difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often used interchangeably. Both carnelian and sard are varieties of the silica mineral chalcedony colored by impurities of iron oxide. The color can vary greatly, ranging from pale orange to an intense almost-black coloration. Significant localities include Yanacodo (Peru); Ratnapura (Sri Lanka); and Thailand.[2] It has been found in Indonesia, Brazil, India, Russia (Siberia), and Germany.[citation needed] In the United States, the official State Gem of Maryland is also a variety of carnelian called Patuxent River stone.[4]
Maryland carnelian, also called "Patuxent River Stone", cut and illuminated to display colors and structure.
^Rudolf Duda and Lubos Rejl: Minerals of the World (Arch Css, 1990)
^ abCarnelian on Gemdat.org
^Agnes, Michael, ed. (2001). Webster's New World College Dictionary (4th ed.).
^"Maryland State Gemstone: Patuxent River Stone (Agate)".
Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semiprecious stone. Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder...
USS Carnelian (PY-19) was a converted yacht that patrolled with the United States Navy in World War II. She was named for carnelian (a semi-precious stone)...
Etched carnelian beads Etched carnelian beads, or sometimes bleached carnelian beads, are a type of ancient decorative beads made from carnelian with an...
of different mineral impurities making the stone resemble landscapes. Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a clear-to-translucent reddish-brown variety...
chalcedony are carnelian, agate, and onyx. It is considered a semi-precious gem stone, and rings set with golden-orange variety of carnelian or sard have...
Lyncina carneola, common name the carnelian cowrie, is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries...
The Carnelian Throne is a science fantasy novel by American writer Janet Morris. Published by Bantam Books in 1979, it is the fourth and final title of...
found arranged much like the rings of an agate. Carnelian is used for rings and seals. The finest carnelians are found in the East Indies. Chalcedony, Apoc...
derived from the Sinhalese tōramalli (ටෝරමල්ලි), which refers to the carnelian gemstones. Brightly colored Ceylonese gem tourmalines were brought to...
a discussion between Jherek Carnelian and his mother, the Iron Orchid, about the meaning of the word virtuous. Carnelian, who has looked the word up in...
Oliva carneola, common name the carnelian olive, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives. This is a small...
it is found in red and orange this stone could also be referred to as carnelian. It is only found in Maryland and its colors reflect the Maryland State...
addition. Green glass, gallery stonesetting. Carnelian sanguine, rub-over stonesetting. Engraved carnelian from the Roman period, 1st-3rd century, rub-over...
quartz, often including contrasting bands or patterns of color, are agate, carnelian or sard, onyx, heliotrope, and jasper. Amethyst is a form of quartz that...
BC. Carnelian beads from the Indus were found in the Sumerian tombs of Ur, the Royal Cemetery at Ur, dating to 2600–2450. In particular, carnelian beads...
This is a bibliography of the works of Michael Moorcock. A bibliography of Moorcock's long-form fiction and shorter fiction directly connected with notable...
The Carnelian Cube is a science-fantasy novel by American writers L. Sprague de Camp and Fletcher Pratt. It was first published in hardcover by Gnome...
figure), on a vase fragment to 540 BC (see figure), and on an Etruscan carnelian scarab. An Attic red-figure fragment from a kalyx-krater dated to around...
as gold and silver, and semi-precious stones, namely lapis lazuli and carnelian. These objects are all the more impressive considering the distance from...
Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) String of beads; 3300–3100 BC; carnelian, garnet, quartz and glazed steatite; length: 20.5 centimetres (8.1 in);...
Carnelian beads from the Indus were found in Ur tombs dating to 2600-2450, in an example of Indus-Mesopotamia relations. In particular, carnelian beads...
climate regions and out of plums (and sometimes out of mulberry, thanë (carnelian cherry), or walnuts) in colder climate areas. Plum and grape rakia are...
Global Information
