Hellenistic skeptic philosopher (214/3 BC – 129/8 BC)
This article is about the philosopher. For the genus of longhorn beetles, see Carneades (beetle).
Carneades
Carneades, Roman copy after the statue exhibited on the agora of Athens, c. 150 BC, Glyptothek
Born
214/213 BC
Cyrene
Died
129/128 BC
Athens
Era
Hellenistic philosophy
Region
Western philosophy
School
Academic skepticism, Platonism
Main interests
Epistemology, ethics
Notable ideas
Philosophical skepticism, probabilism,[1] Plank of Carneades
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Carneades (/kɑːrˈniːədiːz/; Greek: Καρνεάδης, Karneadēs, "of Carnea"; 214/3–129/8 BC[2]) was a Greek philosopher,[3] perhaps the most prominent head of the Skeptical Academy in ancient Greece.[3] He was born in Cyrene.[4] By the year 159 BC,[citation needed] he had begun to attack many previous dogmatic doctrines, especially Stoicism and even the Epicureans,[5] whom previous skeptics had spared.[citation needed]
As scholarch (leader) of the Academy, he was one of three philosophers sent to Rome in 155 BC where his lectures on the uncertainty of justice caused consternation among leading politicians.[6][7][8] He left no writings.[9] Many of his opinions are known only via his successor Clitomachus. [10] He seems to have doubted the ability not just of the senses but of reason too in acquiring truth. His skepticism was, however, moderated by the belief that we can, nevertheless, ascertain probabilities (not in the sense of statistical probability, but in the sense of persuasiveness)[11] of truth, to enable us to act.[12]
^Allen, James. "Carneades". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
^Allen, James. "Carneades". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Retrieved 8 March 2021. Born in Cyrene, then a Greek-speaking city on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa, Carneades pursued his philosophical studies in Athens
^Sharples, R.W. (1995). Honderich, Ted (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0198661320. Criticizing both Stoic and Epicurean views in the debate on freedom and determinism...
^Sharples, R.W. (1995). Honderich, Ted (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0198661320. Carneades scandalized Cato the Elder by arguing in favour of justice and against it on successive days
^Allen, James (2006). Borchert, David (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2nd ed.). USA: Macmillan Reference. pp. 46–48. ISBN 0028657829. Carneades became scholarch of the Academy (Plato's school) sometime before 155BCE, when he was sent to Rome along with the leaders of the Stoa and the Peripatos (Aristotle's school) to represent the interest of Athens before the senate. It was during the embassy to Rome that the most notorious episode in this life took place. According to tradition, Carneades delivered public lectures on succeeding days, defending justice on the first and arguing that it is a form of folly on the second day.
^Barnes, Jonathan (2000). Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. New York: Routledge. p. 124. ISBN 0415223644. He was a celebrated figure; and in 155 BC he was sent by Athens to Rome as a political ambassador where he astounded the youth by his rhetorical powers and outraged their elders by his arguments against justice.
^Allen, James (2006). Borchert, David (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2nd ed.). USA: Macmillan Reference. pp. 46–48. ISBN 0028657829. Like Arcesilaus and Socrates before him, Carneades wrote nothing, but exerted an influence on his students and contemporaries through his teaching and in-person practice of philosophical debate
^Allen, James (2006). Borchert, David (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2nd ed.). USA: Macmillan Reference. pp. 46–48. ISBN 0028657829. What is known of him depends ultimately on works written by those who were in a position to observe him, especially Cliomachus, his student and, after an interval, successor as head of the Academy.
^Sharples, R.W. (1995). Honderich, Ted (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0198661320.
^Sharples, R.W. (1995). Honderich, Ted (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0198661320.
Cato. Recognizing the potential danger of Carneades' arguments, Cato moved the Roman Senate to send Carneades back to Athens to prevent Roman youth from...
In ethics, the plank of Carneades is a thought experiment first proposed by the Academic Skeptic philosopher Carneades of Cyrene. It explores the concept...
led to true knowledge. The most important Academics were Arcesilaus, Carneades, and Philo of Larissa. The most extensive ancient source of information...
Carneades princeps is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1872. It is known from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama...
fact the work of a skeptical philosopher who preceded Epicurus, possibly Carneades. German scholar Reinhold F. Glei believes that the theodicy argument is...
unnamed narrator) meeting in Carneades's garden and chatting about the constituents of mixed bodies. In part one, Carneades (Boyle) lays out four propositions...
Caffrocrambus carneades is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Graziano Bassi in 2002. It is found in Lesotho and South Africa. "GlobIZ...
led to true knowledge. The most important Academics were Arcesilaus, Carneades, and Philo of Larissa. The most extensive ancient source of information...
from Costa Rica and Panamá. "Carneades championi Bates, 1885". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-02-27. BioLib.cz - Carneades championi. Retrieved on 8 September...
from Colombia. Wikispecies has information related to Carneades quadrinodosa. BioLib.cz - Carneades quadrinodosa. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e...
ISSN 1750-6816. Carneades (2022). Are All Lives Equal? Why Cost Benefit Analysis Values Rich Lives More and How Philosophy Can Fix it. Carneades.org. ISBN 979-8986128610...
Carneades vittata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gahan in 1889. It is known from Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, and...
Carneades personata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1881. It is known from Colombia. BioLib.cz - Carneades...
Carneades superba is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1869. It is known from Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama...
Carneades delicia is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1869. It is known from Nicaragua. BioLib.cz - Carneades...
Carneades bicincta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gahan in 1889. It is known from Guadeloupe. BioLib.cz - Carneades...
He made Plato founder of the first Academy; Arcesilaus of the second; Carneades of the third; Philo and Charmadas of the fourth; and Antiochus of the...
Carneades reticulata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1881. it is known from Colombia. BioLib.cz - Carneades...
Carneades glaucothea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1872. It is known from Brazil, Ecuador and Peru....
Carneades nigrosignata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1926. It is known from...