Carlisle (/kɑːrˈlaɪl/kar-LYLE, locally /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/KAR-lyle;[1] from Cumbric: Caer Luel[2][3][4][5]) is a cathedral city in the ceremonial county of Cumbria in England. It is the administrative centre of Cumberland Council which covers an area similar to the historic county of Cumberland.
Carlisle's early history is marked by the establishment of a Roman settlement to serve forts along Hadrian's Wall in Roman Britain.[6] Due to its proximity to Scotland (being located 8 mi (13 km) south of the current Anglo-Scottish border), Carlisle Castle and the city became an important military stronghold in the Middle Ages. The castle served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots in 1568 and currently hosts the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment and the Border Regiment Museum. In the early 12th century, a priory was built and gained cathedral status with a diocese in 1133 (city status at the time meant the settlement became a city) while the county of Carliol was created and later renamed Cumberland.
In the 19th century, the introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution began a process of socioeconomic transformation in Carlisle, which developed into a densely populated mill town. This, combined with its strategic position, allowed for the development of Carlisle as an important railway town, with seven railway companies sharing Carlisle railway station. Nicknamed the 'Great Border City',[7][8][9][10] Carlisle today is a main cultural, commercial and industrial centre in the British borders. It is home to the main campuses of the University of Cumbria and a variety of museums and heritage centres.
^Roach, Peter; Hartman, James; Setter, Jane; Jones, Daniel, eds. (2006). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (17th ed.). Cambridge: CUP. ISBN 978-0-521-68086-8.
^Snyder, Christopher A. (2003). The Britons. John Wiley and Sons. p. 204.
^The Spirit of Hadrian's Wall. Cicerone Press Limited. 2008. p. 177.
^"List of railway station names in English, Scots and Gaelic". Newsnetscotland.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
^"Cairl". Dictionary of the Scots Language. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
^Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Carlisle (1.)" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 108–110
^McKelvie, Gordon (2017), "Henry VII's Letter to Carlisle in 1498: His Concerns about Retaining in a Border Fortress", Northern History, 54 (2): 149–166, doi:10.1080/0078172X.2017.1327188, S2CID 159780799
^McCarthy, Mike (2017). Carlisle: A Frontier and Border City. Cities of the Ancient World. Routledge.
^"News & Star | News | Carlisle council leader says it's time to ditch 'Great Border City' tag". www.newsandstar.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
Carlisle (/kɑːrˈlaɪl/ kar-LYLE, locally /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/ KAR-lyle; from Cumbric: Caer Luel) is a cathedral city in the ceremonial county of Cumbria in England...
Belinda Jo Carlisle (/ˈkɑːrlaɪl/ KAR-lyle; born August 17, 1958) is an American singer and songwriter. She gained fame as the lead vocalist of the Go-Go's...
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Clarke James Carlisle (born 14 October 1979) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender and was chairman of the Professional...
Lord Carlisle may refer to: Earl of Carlisle, a title that has been created three times in the Peerage of England Mark Carlisle, Baron Carlisle of Bucklow...
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The City of Carlisle (/kɑːrˈlaɪl/ kar-LYLE, locally /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/ KAR-lyle) was a local government district of Cumbria, England, with the status of a city...
Earl of Carlisle is a title that has been created three times in the Peerage of England. The first creation came in 1322, when Andrew Harclay, 1st Baron...
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Cliff Carlisle (May 6, 1903 – April 5, 1983) was an American country and blues musician, singer and songwriter. Carlisle was a yodeler and was a pioneer...
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Carlisle Airport may refer to: Carlisle Lake District Airport in Carlisle, Cumbria, United Kingdom Carlisle Municipal Airport in Lonoke County, Arkansas...
William Toliver Carlisle (December 19, 1908 – March 17, 2003), better known as Bill Carlisle and Jumpin' Bill Carlisle, was an American country music singer...
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