The Canon de 4 Gribeauval, was the lightest gun among the Canon de 8 Gribeauval (center) and the Canon de 12 Gribeauval (left).
Place of origin
France
Service history
Used by
France
Wars
American Revolutionary War French Revolutionary Wars Napoleonic Wars
Production history
Designer
Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval
Designed
1765
Specifications
Mass
637 lb (289 kg)
Barrel length
5 ft 3 in (160 cm)
Crew
8 men, 3–4 horses
Caliber
84 mm (3.3 in)
Barrels
1
Carriage
1,454 lb (660 kg)
Rate of fire
2–3 rounds per minute
Effective firing range
Ball: 700 m (766 yd)
Canister: 400 m (437 yd)
Maximum firing range
1,200 m (1,312 yd)
The Canon de 4 Gribeauval or 4-pounder was a French cannon and part of the artillery system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval. The Old French pound (French: livre) was 1.079 English pounds, making the weight of shot about 4.3 English pounds. In the Gribeauval era, the 4-pounder was the lightest weight cannon of the French field artillery; the others were the medium Canon de 8 Gribeauval and the heavy Canon de 12 Gribeauval. The Gribeauval system was introduced in 1765 and the guns were first employed during the American Revolutionary War. The most large-scale use of Gribeauval guns occurred during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. At first a pair of 4-pounders were assigned to each infantry battalion and were often called battalion pieces. Later, Emperor Napoleon took the guns away from the infantry units and began to replace the 4-pounder with the 6-pounder, using captured guns as well as newly cast French cannons. However, as the French infantry declined in quality after 1809, the 4-pounders were reintroduced in order to provide direct support for formations of foot soldiers. All Gribeauval cannons were capable of firing canister shot at close-range and round shot at long-range targets. The Gribeauval system supplanted the older Vallière system, was partly replaced by the Year XI system in 1803 and completely superseded by the Valée system in 1829.
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