The California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) is a vulnerable amphibian native to California. It is a mole salamander. Previously considered to be a subspecies of the tiger salamander (A. tigrinum), the California tiger salamander was recently designated a separate species again.[4] The California tiger salamander distinct population segment (DPS) in Sonoma County and the Santa Barbara County DPS are listed as federally endangered, while the Central California DPS is listed as federally threatened.[5][6] The Sonoma County, south San Joaquin, and the Santa Barbara County DPS have diverged from the rest of the California tiger salamander populations for over one million years, since the Pleistocene[7] and they may warrant status as separate species.
^Geoffrey Hammerson (2004). "Ambystoma californiense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T1098A3234573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T1098A3234573.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe (2004). "Ambystoma californiense". IUCN 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Archived from the original on 2014-06-27. Retrieved 2015-05-31.
^Hastings, D.; P.K. Dunbar (1999). "Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) v.1". National Geophysical Data Center. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V52R3PMS. Retrieved 2015-03-16.
^Shaffer, H. B.; S. Stanley (1991). Final report to California Department of Fish and Game. California tiger salamander surveys, 1991 (Report). Rancho Cordova, California: California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Division. Contract FG9422.
^"Species Account: California Tiger Salamander" (PDF). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. July 29, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
^California Tiger Salamander Endangered Species Facts (PDF) (Report). Environmental Protection Agency. February 2010. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
^Shaffer, H. B.; Pauly, G. B.; Oliver, J. C.; Trenham, P. C. (2004). "The molecular phylogenetics of endangerment: cryptic variation and historical phylogeography of the California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense". Molecular Ecology. 13 (10): 3033–3049. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02317.x. PMID 15367118. S2CID 912805.
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