The Burmese Way to Socialism (Burmese: မြန်မာ့နည်းမြန်မာ့ဟန် ဆိုရှယ်လစ်စနစ်), also known as the Burmese Road to Socialism, was the state ideology of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, the socialist state governed by the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) from 1962 to 1988.
The Burmese Way to Socialism was introduced by the Union Revolutionary Council (URC), the military junta established by Ne Win and his allies in the Tatmadaw (Burmese military) after they overthrew the democratically elected government of Prime Minister U Nu in a coup d'état on 2 March 1962. It ceased to be Burma's state ideology in 1988, when the pro-democracy 8888 Uprising pressured BSPP officials to resign and adopt a multi-party system. However, the Tatmadaw instigated a coup d'état shortly afterwards and established a new military junta, the State Law and Order Restoration Council.[1]
The Burmese Way to Socialism led Burma to international isolation,[2] and has been described as "disastrous".[3] For example, the black market and income disparity became major issues.[4] Burma's real per capita GDP (constant 2000 US$) increased from $159.18 in 1962 to $219.20 in 1987, or about 1.3% per year – one of the weakest growth rates in East Asia over this period.[5] Despite this, significant gains were made in healthcare and education.[6] The program also may have served to increase domestic stability and keep Burma from being as entangled in the Cold War struggles that affected other Southeast Asian nations.[7]
^"Obituary: Ne Win". BBC. 5 December 2002. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
^Collignon, Stefan (13 August 2011). "THE BURMESE ECONOMY AND THE WITHDRAWAL OF EUROPEAN TRADE PREFERENCES" (PDF). Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^(U.), Khan Mon Krann (16 January 2018). Economic Development of Burma: A Vision and a Strategy. NUS Press. ISBN 9789188836168. Retrieved 16 January 2018 – via Google Books.
^Cite error: The named reference aungthwin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"World Development Indicators, GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) for Myanmar, East Asia & Pacific region". World Bank. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019 – via Google.
^Thein, Myat (16 January 2018). Economic Development of Myanmar. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 86. ISBN 9789812302113. Retrieved 16 January 2018 – via Google Books.
^Holmes, Robert A. (1967). "Burmese Domestic Policy: The Politics of Burmanization". Asian Survey. 7 (3). University of California Press: 188–197. doi:10.2307/2642237. JSTOR 2642237.
and 26 Related for: Burmese Way to Socialism information
The BurmeseWaytoSocialism (Burmese: မြန်မာ့နည်းမြန်မာ့ဟန် ဆိုရှယ်လစ်စနစ်), also known as the Burmese Road toSocialism, was the state ideology of the...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Burma (Myanmar) was...
government agenda, called the BurmeseWaytoSocialism, which involved economic isolation and the strengthening of the military, Burma became one of the world's...
Burmese in Thailand (Thai: ชาวพม่าในไทย, Burmese: ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံရှိမြန်မာများ) constitute Thailand's largest migrant population. According to the 2014 Myanmar...
the 1962 Burmese coup d'état, establishing Burma as a one-party socialist state under the BurmeseWaytoSocialism ideology. Ne Win was Burma's de facto...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Burmese (Burmese: မြန်မာဘာသာ;...
private sector. The 1962 Burmese coup d'état was followed by an economic scheme called the BurmeseWaytoSocialism, a plan to nationalise all industries...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Buddhism (Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ)...
Tatmadaw (Burmese: တပ်မတော်; MLCTS: tatma.taw, IPA: [taʔmədɔ̀], lit. 'Grand Armed Forces') or Sit-Tat (Burmese: စစ်တပ်) is the military of Myanmar (formerly...
article contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. The State...
Chinese Burmese, also Sino-Burmese or Tayoke (Burmese: တရုတ်), are Burmese citizens of Han Chinese ethnicity. They are a group of overseas Chinese born...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Myanmar, officially...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Burmese Indians...
guided by the BurmeseWaytoSocialism. The new Burmese leaders turned Burma into a Socialist Republic with isolationism, and a Burmese superiority. The...
Council's philosophical framework was laid in the BurmeseWaytoSocialism, which aspired to convert Burma into a self-sustaining democratic socialist state...
The most widely recognized Burmese national costume is the longyi, which is worn by both males and females nationwide. Burmese clothing also features great...
Cambodia, Hitler's Germany, and U Ne Win's Burma Wieland, Carsten (2018). "6: De-neutralizing Aid: All Roads Lead to Damascus". Syria and the Neutrality Trap:...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. The Burma Economic...
The 1999 Myanmar Embassy siege of 2 October 1999 was the seizure of the Burmese embassy in Bangkok, Thailand. A group of Burmese dissidents from the Vigorous...
implementing the new state ideology, the BurmeseWaytoSocialism, which included bringing "almost all of Burma's political, social, and economic life under...
Burma Socialist Programme Party, following the program of the BurmeseWaytoSocialism. The first liberalization reforms occurred in 1987 under the new...
have declared themselves socialist states or in the process of building socialism. The majority of self-declared socialist countries have been Marxist–Leninist...
cities. By 1987 the isolationist policies of Ne Win's "BurmeseWaytoSocialism" had decimated Burma's economy, and the United Nations designated the country...
Karen soldiers' roles in putting down Burmese rebellions in the late 19th century. Around the time of Burmese independence, the Karen National Defence...
Global Information