Космическая программа «Энергия» — «Буран» Kosmicheskaya Programma Energia — Buran
The Antonov An-225 Mriya carrying a Buran orbiter in 1989.
Program overview
Country
Soviet Union / Russia
Organisation
Roscosmos (1991–1993)
Purpose
crewed orbital flight and reentry
Status
Cancelled
Programme history
Duration
1971–1993
First flight
OK-GLI Flight 1 (10 November 1985)
Last flight
OK-1K1 (15 November 1988)
Successes
1
Failures
0
Launch site(s)
Baikonur pad 110/37
Vehicle information
Crewed vehicle(s)
Buran-class orbiter
Crew capacity
10 cosmonauts
Launch vehicle(s)
Energia
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The Buran programme (Russian: Буран, IPA:[bʊˈran], "Snowstorm", "Blizzard"), also known as the "VKK Space Orbiter programme" (Russian: ВКК «Воздушно-Космический Корабль», lit. 'Air and Space Ship'),[1] was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft project that began in 1974 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Moscow and was formally suspended in 1993.[2] In addition to being the designation for the whole Soviet/Russian reusable spacecraft project, Buran was also the name given to orbiter 1K, which completed one uncrewed spaceflight in 1988 and was the only Soviet reusable spacecraft to be launched into space. The Buran-class orbiters used the expendable Energia rocket as a launch vehicle.
The Buran programme was started by the Soviet Union as a response to the United States Space Shuttle program[3] and benefited from extensive espionage undertaken by the KGB of the unclassified US Space Shuttle program,[4] resulting in many superficial and functional similarities between American and Soviet Shuttle designs.[5] Although the Buran class was similar in appearance to NASA's Space Shuttle orbiter, and could similarly operate as a re-entry spaceplane, its final internal and functional design was different. For example, the main engines during launch were on the Energia rocket and were not taken into orbit by the spacecraft. Smaller rocket engines on the craft's body provided propulsion in orbit and de-orbital burns, similar to the Space Shuttle's OMS pods. Unlike the Space Shuttle, Buran had a capability of flying uncrewed missions, as well as performing fully automated landings. The project was the largest and the most expensive in the history of Soviet space exploration.[2]
^Воздушно-космический Корабль [Air-Space Ship] (PDF) (in Russian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
^ abHarvey, Brian (2007). The Rebirth of the Russian Space Programme: 50 Years After Sputnik, New Frontiers. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-38-771356-4. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
^Russian shuttle dream dashed by Soviet crash. YouTube.com. Russia Today. 15 November 2007. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
^Windrem, Robert (4 November 1997). "How the Soviets stole a space shuttle". NBC News. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^Betz, Eric (4 December 2016). "Real-Life Rogue One: How the Soviets Stole NASA's Shuttle Plans". Discover Magazine.
coordinates) The Buranprogramme (Russian: Буран, IPA: [bʊˈran], "Snowstorm", "Blizzard"), also known as the "VKK Space Orbiter programme" (Russian: ВКК...
The Buranprogramme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to...
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305°E / 46.008; 63.305 As part of the Buranprogramme, several facilities were adapted or newly built for the Buran-class space shuttle orbiters: Site 110...
for all orbiters in the programme), is the second Buran-class orbiter, produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buranprogramme. Although 2K was the closest...
be launched into space. The Buran-class orbiters used the expendable Energia rocket as a launch vehicle. The Buranprogramme was started by the Soviet Union...
to the Gold Coast Railroad Museum in 2014. Footnotes The Soviet shuttle Buran was very similar and was designed to have the same capabilities but made...
halted while all resources were being put into the Buranprogramme in order to prepare the Buran spacecraft for flight testing. Funding resumed in early...
of space stations including the NASA Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buranprogramme. In addition, the encyclopedia contains many comprehensive review articles...
2017) was a Russian test pilot and former Soviet cosmonaut in the Buranprogramme. Volk became a pilot in the Soviet Air Forces in 1956. After graduation...
Левченко; May 5, 1941 – August 6, 1988) was a Soviet cosmonaut in the Buranprogramme. Trained as a test pilot and selected as a cosmonaut on 12 July 1980...
then Head of the Systems integration test laboratory of the Energia-Buranprogramme. In 1987, Sopov supervised the fuelling of the Energia heavy-lift launch...
Historical video to celebrate first 100 years of TsAGI TsAGI in the Buranprogramme TsAGI on Google Maps 55°35′36″N 38°06′24″E / 55.59333°N 38.10667°E...
proposed in the late 1980s, but never developed past the design stage. Buranprogramme Scaled Composites Stratolaunch Conroy Virtus "OOS, la bestia de Tupolev...
short visits. The Buranprogramme (Russian: Буран, IPA: [bʊˈran], "Snowstorm", "Blizzard"), also known as the "VKK Space Orbiter programme" (Russian: ВКК...
space plane, the crewed part of the Space Shuttle Buran Shuttle, the vehicle for the Soviet Buranprogramme Shuttle (film), a 2008 thriller film Shuttle (video...
Zvezda spaceplane, a Soviet spaceplane project; see Buranprogramme#History of the Buranprogramme NPP Zvezda, Russian aeronautical and space manufacturer...
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