Effect of unfamiliar male scent on pregnant female rodents
The Bruce effect, or pregnancy block,[1][2] is the tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male.[3] The effect was first noted in 1959 by Hilda M. Bruce,[4] and has primarily been studied in laboratory mice (Mus musculus).[1] In mice, pregnancy can only be terminated prior to embryo implantation, but other species will interrupt even a late-term pregnancy.[5]
The Bruce effect is also observed in deer-mice,[6] meadow voles,[7] collared lemmings,[8] and it has also been proposed, but not confirmed, in other non-rodent species such as lions[9] and geladas.[10]
^ abHeske, E. J.; Nelson, RJ (1984). "Pregnancy interruption in Microtus ochrogaster: Laboratory artifact or field phenomenon?". Biology of Reproduction. 31 (1): 97–103. doi:10.1095/biolreprod31.1.97. PMID 6380603.
^Hofmann, J. E.; Getz, L. L.; Gavish, L. (1987). "Effect of Multiple Short-Term Exposures of Pregnant Microtus ochrogaster to Strange Males". Journal of Mammalogy. 68 (1): 166–169. doi:10.2307/1381067. JSTOR 1381067.
^Becker, Stuart D.; Hurst, Jane L. (2008). "Pregnancy Block from a Female Perspective". Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 11. Vol. 11. pp. 141–50. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73945-8_13. ISBN 978-0-387-73944-1. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^Bruce, Hilda M. (1959). "An Exteroceptive Block to Pregnancy in the Mouse". Nature. 184 (4680): 105. Bibcode:1959Natur.184..105B. doi:10.1038/184105a0. PMID 13805128. S2CID 4200823.
^Labov, J. B. (1981). "Pregnancy Blocking in Rodents: Adaptive Advantages for Females". The American Naturalist. 118 (3): 361–371. doi:10.1086/283828. JSTOR 2460637. S2CID 85020158.
^Eleftheriou, Basil E.; Bronson, F. H.; Zarrow, M. X. (1962). "Interaction of Olfactory and Other Environmental Stimuli on Implantation in the Deer Mouse". Science. 137 (3532): 764. Bibcode:1962Sci...137..764E. doi:10.1126/science.137.3532.764. PMID 13889805. S2CID 42871324.
^Clulow, F. V.; Langford, P. E. (1971). "Pregnancy-Block in the Meadow Vole, Microtus Pennsylvanicus". Reproduction. 24 (2): 275–7. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0240275. PMID 5551417.
^MALLORY, F. F. (1980). "Infanticide and Pregnancy Failure: Reproductive Strategies in the Female Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus)". Biology of Reproduction. 22 (2): 192–6. doi:10.1095/biolreprod22.2.192. PMID 7378528.
^Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E. (1983). "Adaptations of Female Lions to Infanticide by Incoming Males". The American Naturalist. 121 (5): 716–728. doi:10.1086/284097. JSTOR 2460874. S2CID 84927815.
^Eila K. Roberts; Amy Lu; Thore J. Bergman; Jacinta C. Beehner (2012). "A Bruce Effect in Wild Geladas". Science. 335 (6073): 1222–1225. Bibcode:2012Sci...335.1222R. doi:10.1126/science.1213600. PMID 22362878. S2CID 34095168.
The Bruceeffect, or pregnancy block, is the tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar...
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gametes will not be successfully fertilized. Adultery Adultery laws Bruceeffect Casual sex Extramarital sex Fornication Hookup culture Premarital sex...
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role in mediating the Vandenbergh effect (as well as the Bruceeffect).[citation needed] Bruceeffect Whitten effect Vandenbergh JG, Whitsett JM, Lombardi...
leader have an 80% likelihood of aborting, in a phenomenon known as the Bruceeffect. Females come into estrus quickly after giving birth, so males have little...
removed and they are exposed to a new male, an example of the Bruceeffect, although this effect is seen less in wild populations than in the laboratory. Female...
during a critical period after coitus then the pregnancy fails (the Bruceeffect). Thus, during coitus, a female mouse forms a precise 'olfactory memory'...
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Wheaton, Bruce R. (1978). "Philipp Lenard and the Photoelectric Effect, 1889-1911". Historical Studies in the Physical...
established the effect with a long series of experiments between 1908 and 1915. London moment Bruce T. Draine (2003). "§7.3 Barnett effect". In Andrew W...
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gestation mechanism. The females have been reported to have a strong Bruceeffect. Bruceeffect is when the female terminates the pregnancy when she is exposed...
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