Animal reliance on other individuals to raise its young
A shiny cowbird chick (left) being fed by a rufous-collared sparrowEastern phoebe nest with one brown-headed cowbird egg (at bottom left)Shiny cowbird parasiting masked water tyrant in Brazil
Brood parasitism is a subclass of parasitism and phenomenon and behavioural pattern of certain animals, brood parasites, that rely on others to raise their young. The strategy appears among birds, insects and fish. The brood parasite manipulates a host, either of the same or of another species, to raise its young as if it were its own, usually using egg mimicry, with eggs that resemble the host's.
The evolutionary strategy relieves the parasitic parents from the investment of rearing young. This benefit comes at the cost of provoking an evolutionary arms race between parasite and host as they coevolve: many hosts have developed strong defenses against brood parasitism, such as recognizing and ejecting parasitic eggs, or abandoning parasitized nests and starting over. It is less obvious why most hosts do care for parasite nestlings, given that for example cuckoo chicks differ markedly from host chicks in size and appearance. One explanation, the mafia hypothesis, proposes that parasitic adults retaliate by destroying host nests where rejection has occurred; there is experimental evidence to support this. Intraspecific brood parasitism also occurs, as in many duck species. Here there is no visible difference between host and parasite eggs, which may be why the parasite eggs are so readily accepted. In eider ducks, the first and second eggs in a nest are especially subject to predation, perhaps explaining why they are often laid in another eider nest.
Broodparasitism is a subclass of parasitism and phenomenon and behavioural pattern of certain animals, brood parasites, that rely on others to raise...
Like many other bird species, Mandarin ducks display conspecific broodparasitism. Typically, Mandarin ducks lay their eggs in nests of their own relatives...
drabber as they age. American coots are also susceptible to conspecific broodparasitism and have evolved mechanisms to differentiate their offspring from those...
reap"). This has been interpreted as the earliest written reference to broodparasitism. It has been chosen as the state bird by the Indian union territory...
nonobligate broodparasitism, laying their eggs in the nests of members of their own species, in addition to raising their own young. Broodparasitism has even...
tells the tale of an English village in which the women become pregnant by brood parasitic aliens. The book has been praised by many critics, including the...
a means of exploitation. An example of this exploitation would be broodparasitism. There are four exceptions to fixed action pattern rules: reduced response...
crows, pied crow and Cape crow. The great spotted cuckoo exhibits broodparasitism by laying a mimicked version of the magpie egg in the magpie's nest...
between or within species. Cooperative breeding, joint brood care, reciprocal allonursing, broodparasitism and cuckoldry represent situations in which alloparenting...
engage in extra-pair copulation. They also practice within-species broodparasitism, whereby females lay their eggs in the nest of another individual....
to broodparasitism. Where forest fragmentation occurs, which is quite widespread, the scarlet tanager suffers high rates of predation and brood parasitism...
"Obligate BroodParasitism". Aculeata Research Group. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015. "BroodParasitism". Amateur Entomologists'...
appearance, and the host would risk harming its own eggs in the process. Broodparasitism from shiny cowbirds will have a negative effect on the reproductive...
worldwide are considered to be obligate brood parasites. The only vertebrate species to practice broodparasitism other than birds is the cuckoo catfish...
and raise it on its own. This behavior is an example of broodparasitism and obligate parasitism. "ITIS standard report: Camponotus japonicus Mayr, 1866"...
the likelihood of broodparasitism. Females provided with rapidly drying dung were significantly more likely to search and use brood balls made by other...
territory. Carolina wrens raise multiple broods during the summer breeding season, but can fall victim to broodparasitism by brown-headed cowbirds, among other...
certain birds will prefer over their own eggs, particularly evident in broodparasitism. Some speculate humans can be similarly exploited by junk food. Organisms...
similarly enters via the host's mouth before taking over its body. Broodparasitism is not a common theme in fiction. An early example was John Wyndham's...
of zoology, he was among the first modern scholars to describe the broodparasitism of the cuckoo (Aristotle also noted this behaviour in his History of...
Brood XIII (also known as Brood 13 or Northern Illinois Brood) is one of 15 separate broods of periodical cicadas that appear regularly throughout the...
May, R. M., & Robinson, S.K. (1984) Population dynamics of avian broodparasitism. The American Naturalist 126(4):475–494. Kilner, R. M., & Davies, N...
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