The bronze mannikin or bronze munia (Spermestes cucullata) is a small passerine (i.e. perching) bird of the Afrotropics. This very social estrildid finch is an uncommon to locally abundant bird in much of Africa south of the Sahara Desert, where it is resident, nomadic or irruptive in mesic savanna or forest margin habitats.[5][6] It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 8,100,000 km2. It is the smallest and most widespread of four munia species on the African mainland, the other being black-and-white, red-backed and magpie mannikin. It co-occurs with the Madagascar mannikin on the Comoro Islands, and was introduced to Puerto Rico. Especially in the West Africa, it is considered a pest in grain and rice fields. It is locally trapped for the pet bird trade.[4]
^BirdLife International (2016). "Spermestes cucullata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22719782A94643856. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22719782A94643856.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^Map based on IUCN data
^"Lonchura cucullata". Avibase.
^ abRestall, Robin (1996). Munias and mannikins. Mountfield, Nr. Robertsbridge, East Sussex: Pica Press. pp. 68–71. ISBN 9781408135440.
^Cite error: The named reference wt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference clem was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
The bronzemannikin or bronze munia (Spermestes cucullata) is a small passerine (i.e. perching) bird of the Afrotropics. This very social estrildid finch...
tropics and Australasia. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. Despite the word "finch" being...
grey-headed nigrita, common waxbill, black-headed waxbill, bronzemannikin, black and white mannikin, pin-tailed whydah, African citril, streaky seedeater...
by the English naturalist William John Swainson to accommodate the bronzemannikin. The name combines the Ancient Greek sperma meaning "seed" and -estēs...
and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns. Bronzemannikin, Spermestes cucullata Swee waxbill, Coccopygia melanotis Black-faced...
and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. Bronzemannikin, Spermestes cucullata (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (I) LC African...
Portugal and Qatar Bronzemannikin, successfully introduced to Puerto Rico; unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Magpie mannikin, successfully introduced...
and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. Bronzemannikin, Spermestes cucullata (I) Indian silverbill, Euodice malabarica (I)...
and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns. Bronzemannikin, Spermestes cucullatus African silverbill, Euodice cantans Lavender...
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