Breton language information

Breton
Breton
brezhoneg
	Bilingual sign in Huelgoat in Brittany
Pronunciation	[bʁeˈzɔ̃ːnɛk], [brəhɔ̃ˈnek]
Native to	Brittany (France)
Region	Lower Brittany
Ethnicity	Bretons
Native speakers	210,000 in Brittany (2018); 16,000 in Île-de-France; (Number includes students in bilingual education)
Language family	Indo-European Celtic Insular Celtic Brittonic Southwestern Brittonic Breton; ; ; ; ;
Early forms	Old Breton Middle Breton ;
Dialects	Gwenedeg; Kerneveg; Leoneg; Tregerieg
Writing system	Latin script (Breton alphabet)
Official status
Recognised minority; language in	France Brittany;
Regulated by	Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg
Language codes
ISO 639-1	br
ISO 639-2	bre
ISO 639-3	Variously:; bre – Modern Breton; xbm; obt
Linguist List	xbm Middle Breton
	obt Old Breton
Glottolog	bret1244
ELP	Breton
Linguasphere	50-ABB-b (varieties: 50-ABB-ba to -be)
	Percentage of Breton speakers in each country of Brittany, 2018
	Breton is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Breton (/ˈbrɛtən/ BRET-ən, French: [bʁətɔ̃]; endonym: brezhoneg [bʁeˈzɔ̃ːnɛk] ^ⓘ^[5] or [brəhɔ̃ˈnek] in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language group spoken in Brittany, part of modern-day France. It is the only Celtic language still widely in use on the European mainland, albeit as a member of the insular branch instead of the continental grouping.^[6]

Breton was brought from Great Britain to Armorica (the ancient name for the coastal region that includes the Brittany peninsula) by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages, making it an Insular Celtic language. Breton is most closely related to Cornish, another Southwestern Brittonic language.^[7] Welsh and the extinct Cumbric, both Western Brittonic languages, are more distantly related, and the Goidelic languages (Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic) have a slight connection due to both of their origins being from Insular Celtic. ^{[citation needed]}

Having declined from more than one million speakers around 1950 to about 200,000 in the first decade of the 21st century, Breton is classified as "severely endangered" by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.^[4] However, the number of children attending bilingual classes rose 33% between 2006 and 2012 to 14,709.^[3]^[1]

^ ^a ^b "Enquête socio-linguistique : qui parle les langues de bretagne aujourd'hui ?". Région Bretagne. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
^ Diagnostic de la langue bretonne en Île-de-France. Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg.
^ ^a ^b Broudic, Fañch (2009). Parler breton au XXIe siècle : Le nouveau sondage de TMO Régions (in French). Emgleo Breiz.
^ ^a ^b Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (PDF) (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022.
^ Bauer, Laurie (2007). The Linguistic Student's Handbook. Edinburgh University Press.
^ Diamond, Jared (2012) The World Until Yesterday New York: Viking. p.399. ISBN 978-0-670-02481-0
^ "Breton language". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 September 2017.

[ofis-stats-1] "Enquête socio-linguistique : qui parle les langues de bretagne aujourd'hui ?". Région Bretagne. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.

[2] Diagnostic de la langue bretonne en Île-de-France. Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg.

[Broudic2009-3] Broudic, Fañch (2009). Parler breton au XXIe siècle : Le nouveau sondage de TMO Régions (in French). Emgleo Breiz.

[cite_UNESCO_Atlas-4] Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (PDF) (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022.

[5] Bauer, Laurie (2007). The Linguistic Student's Handbook. Edinburgh University Press.

[6] Diamond, Jared (2012) The World Until Yesterday New York: Viking. p.399. ISBN 978-0-670-02481-0

[7] "Breton language". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 September 2017.

Breton language information

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Breton
brezhoneg
Bilingual sign in Huelgoat in Brittany
Pronunciation	[bʁeˈzɔ̃ːnɛk], [brəhɔ̃ˈnek]
Native to	Brittany (France)
Region	Lower Brittany
Ethnicity	Bretons
Native speakers	210,000 in Brittany (2018)^[1] 16,000 in Île-de-France^[2] (Number includes students in bilingual education)^[3]
Language family	Indo-European Celtic Insular Celtic Brittonic Southwestern Brittonic Breton
Early forms	Old Breton Middle Breton
Dialects	Gwenedeg Kerneveg Leoneg Tregerieg
Writing system	Latin script (Breton alphabet)
Official status
Recognised minority language in	France Brittany
Regulated by	Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg
Language codes
ISO 639-1	`br`
ISO 639-2	`bre`
ISO 639-3	Variously: `bre` – Modern Breton `xbm` `obt`
Linguist List	`xbm` Middle Breton
	`obt` Old Breton
Glottolog	`bret1244`
ELP	Breton
Linguasphere	`50-ABB-b (varieties: 50-ABB-ba to -be)`
Percentage of Breton speakers in each country of Brittany, 2018
Breton is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger^[4]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.