Global InformationBrainerd diarrhea information
| Brainerd diarrhea | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Causes | Unknown |
Brainerd diarrhea is a sudden-onset watery, explosive diarrhea that lasts for months and does not respond to antibiotics; the cause of Brainerd diarrhea is unknown. Brainerd diarrhea was first described in Brainerd, Minnesota in 1983.[1] It has been associated with the consumption of raw milk[1] and untreated water.[2][3] Of the ten outbreaks reported since 1983, nine have been in the U.S. The characteristics of each outbreak have been similar to that caused by an infectious agent. Although a comparatively large outbreak (117 patients) occurred in 1996 in Fannin County, Texas,[4] the largest outbreak (122 patients) was the original one in Brainerd, MN. There have been no secondary cases reported in any of the outbreaks, suggesting that the causative agent cannot be passed from person to person, but boiling water appears to inactivate the Brainerd agent. Although there is no treatment available, the disease does appear to resolve itself, although this process takes months if not years.[5][6]
- ^ a b Osterholm MT, MacDonald KL, White KE, et al. (1986). "An Outbreak of newly recognized chronic diarrhea associated with raw milk". JAMA. 256 (4): 484–90. doi:10.1001/jama.256.4.484. PMID 3487659.
- ^ Parsonnet J, Trock SC, Bopp CA, et al. (1989). "Chronic diarrhea associated with drinking untreated". Ann Intern Med. 110 (12): 985–91. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-12-985. PMID 2729809.
- ^ Mintz ED, Weber JT, Guris D, et al. (1998). "An outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea among travelers to the Galapagos Islands". J Infect Dis. 177 (4): 1041–5. doi:10.1086/515237. PMID 9534980.
- ^ Kimura AC, Mead P, Walsh B, et al. (2006). "A large outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea associated with a restaurant in the Red River Valley, Texas". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 43 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1086/504805. PMID 16758418.
- ^ Mintz ED, Parsonnet J, Osterholm MT (1993). "Chronic idiopathic diarrhea". N Engl J Med. 328 (23): 1713–4. doi:10.1056/NEJM199306103282314. PMID 8487837.
- ^ Afzalpurkar RG, Schiller LR, Little KH, et al. (1992). "The self limiting nature of chronic idiopathic diarrhea". N Engl J Med. 327 (26): 1849–52. doi:10.1056/NEJM199212243272605. PMID 1448122.