Numeral system predating modern Hindu-Arabic numerals
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Evolution of Brahmi numerals from the time of Ashoka.The number "256" in Ashoka's Minor Rock Edict No.1 in Sasaram (circa 250 BCE).Coin of Western Satrap Damasena (232 CE). The minting date, here 153 (100-50-3 in Brahmi script numerals) of the Saka era, therefore 232 CE, clearly appears behind the head of the king.
Brahmi numerals are a numeral system attested in the Indian subcontinent from the 3rd century BCE. It is the direct graphic ancestor of the modern Hindu–Arabic numeral system. However, the Brahmi numeral system was conceptually distinct from these later systems, as it was a non-positional decimal system, and did not include zero. Later additions to the system included separate symbols for each multiple of 10 (e.g. 20, 30, and 40). There were also symbols for 100 and 1000, which were combined in ligatures with the units to signify 200, 300, 2000, 3000, etc. In computers, these ligatures are written with the Brahmi Number Joiner at U+1107F.
Brahminumerals are a numeral system attested in the Indian subcontinent from the 3rd century BCE. It is the direct graphic ancestor of the modern Hindu–Arabic...
century BCE) written in the Brahmi script a few numerals were found, which have come to be called the Brahminumerals. The numerals are additive and multiplicative...
notation using the numerals, as well as the use of a decimal base, in particular when contrasted with other systems such as Roman numerals. However, the symbols...
society to Buddhist temples. Brahminumerals are ancestors of Arabic numerals which are used presently worldwide. Brahminumerals had symbols for 10,100, and...
of ten with null coefficients. However, Aryabhata did not use the Brahminumerals. Continuing the Sanskritic tradition from Vedic times, he used letters...
Roman numerals continued long after the decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced by Arabic numerals; however...
distinct, non-alphabetic glyphs for numerals sixteen centuries ago" (as Brahminumerals, and later in a Hindu–Arabic numeral system), and that the recent ASCII...
Shaka era, usually written on the obverse behind the king's head in Brahminumerals. The use of the calendar era survived into the Gupta period and became...
modern digit 8, like all modern Arabic numerals other than zero, originates with the Brahminumerals. The Brahmi digit for eight by the 1st century was...
The Eastern Arabic numerals, also called Indo-Arabic numerals, are the symbols used to represent numerical digits in conjunction with the Arabic alphabet...
compared with the other digits. The modern 6 can be traced back to the Brahminumerals of India, which are first known from the Edicts of Ashoka c. 250 BCE...
the number 304. This system is used when writing Chinese numerals and other East Asian numerals based on Chinese. The number system of the English language...
Veṇvāroha Yuktibhāṣā Yavanajataka Pioneering innovations Brahminumerals Hindu–Arabic numeral system Symbol for zero (0) Infinite series expansions for...
in area, infinite everywhere, and infinite perpetually. c. 300 BC — Brahminumerals are conceived in India. 300 BC — Mesopotamia, the Babylonians invent...
firstly the Egyptian numerals, then the Brahminumerals, Greek numerals, Hebrew numerals, Roman numerals, and Chinese numerals. Very large numbers were...
Hindu–Arabic numeral system, all of which evolved from the Brahminumerals. Each of the roughly dozen major scripts of India has its own numeral glyphs. In...
independently in the Roman numerals (X "ten"), the Chinese rod numerals (十 "ten") and the Brahminumerals ("four", whence the numeral 4). In the Phoenician...
The Japanese numerals are the number names used in Japanese. In writing, they are the same as the Chinese numerals, and large numbers follow the Chinese...
article entitled "Les donations religieuses des rois de Valhabi". The numerals used in the Valhabi inscriptions and on their coins, dated to c. 600 CE...
examples of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system appeared in the Brahminumerals used in the Edicts of Ashoka, in which a few numerals are found, although the system...
measurement such as of the fineness of gold, etc. The Bakhshali manuscript uses numerals with a place-value system, using a dot as a place holder for zero. The...
China, Jing Fang 50 BC – Indian numerals, a descendant of the Brahminumerals (the first positional notation base-10 numeral system), begins development in...
Archaic Sumerian numerals for 1 and 60 both consisted of horizontal semi-circular symbols. By c. 2350 BCE, the older Sumerian curviform numerals were replaced...
marks, boxes, or other symbols. Greek numerals, also known as Ionic, Ionian, Milesian, or Alexandrian numerals, are a system of writing numbers using...
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