The Boston martyrs is the name given in Quaker tradition[1] to the three English members of the Society of Friends, Marmaduke Stephenson, William Robinson and Mary Dyer, and to the Barbadian Friend William Leddra, who were condemned to death and executed by public hanging for their religious beliefs under the legislature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1659, 1660 and 1661. Several other Friends lay under sentence of death at Boston in the same period, but had their punishments commuted to that of being whipped out of the colony from town to town.
"The hanging of Mary Dyer on the Boston gallows in 1660 marked the beginning of the end of the Puritan theocracy and New England independence from English rule. In 1661 King Charles II explicitly forbade Massachusetts from executing anyone for professing Quakerism. In 1684 England revoked the Massachusetts charter, sent over a royal governor to enforce English laws in 1686, and in 1689 passed a broad Toleration act."[2][3]
^The term martyr is problematic in Quakerism, which does not thereby uphold any theological distinction of sanctity, but records the sufferings, witness and constancy of Friends who were persecuted for the sake of the Spirit.
^Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: a comprehensive encyclopedia
^Johan Winsser Mary Dyer: Quaker Martyr and Enigma
The Bostonmartyrs is the name given in Quaker tradition to the three English members of the Society of Friends, Marmaduke Stephenson, William Robinson...
known almost immediately after their deaths as the BostonMartyrs. The most famous of the BostonMartyrs was executed on June 1, 1660. This was Mary Dyer...
Connecticut river. Four Quakers, known as the Bostonmartyrs, were executed. The first two of the four Bostonmartyrs were executed by the Puritans on 27 October...
Canadian Martyrs (French: Martyrs canadiens), also known as the North American Martyrs (French: Saints martyrs canadiens, Holy Canadian Martyrs), were eight...
Puritans, Mary Dyer was one of the four executed Quakers known as the Bostonmartyrs. Capital punishment in the U.S. varies from state to state; it is outlawed...
persecution of heretics under Protestant rule was the execution of the Bostonmartyrs in 1659, 1660, and 1661. These executions resulted from the actions...
Rogers, Horatio (2009). Mary Dyer of Rhode Island: The Quaker Martyr That Was Hanged on Boston. BiblioBazaar, LLC. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9781103801244. Bremer, Francis...
in commemoration of the execution of the Bostonmartyrs, a group of Quakers executed by the Puritans on Boston Common for their religious beliefs under...
Dyer was one of the four executed Quakers known as the Bostonmartyrs, and her death on the Boston gallows marked the beginning of the end of Puritan theocracy...
hanged in Boston for repeatedly defying a law banning Quakers from the colony. Dyer was one of the four executed Quakers known as the Bostonmartyrs. Executions...
from the colony. She is one of the four executed Quakers known as the Bostonmartyrs. Dyer's birthplace has not been established, but it is known that she...
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Robinson, and William Leddra (hanged in 1661) are now known as the Bostonmartyrs. The severity of these acts was recognized by the colonists as problematic...
specifically Quakers, were hanged for their beliefs. Mary Dyer was one of the BostonMartyrs hanged for being a Quaker. During the Salem witch trials (1692–1693)...
(1925–1991), Priest of the Congregation of the Mission; Martyr (Zamora, Spain – San Juan, Puerto Rico) Martyrs of Gardnersville (Montserrado, Liberia): Barbara...
their jurisdictions risked capital punishment, a penalty imposed on the Bostonmartyrs, four Quakers, between 1659 and 1661. Reflecting on the 17th century's...
Report of the Select Committee of the House of Representatives (PDF). Boston, Massachusetts: Massachusetts House of Representatives. 1831-01-06. pp. 91–93...
Robinson and Matthew Stephenson were hanged in Boston, to become the first two of the four Bostonmartyrs. Mary Dyer was slated to hang as well, but was...
Boston College (BC) is a private Jesuit research university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. Founded in 1863, the university has more than 15,000 total...
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