Borophagina information

Borophagina; Temporal range: Miocene–Pliocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Subfamily:	†Borophaginae
Tribe:	†Borophagini
Subtribe:	†Borophagina; X. Wang, 1999
Genera
	Paratomarctus; Carpocyon; Protepicyon; Epicyon; Borophagus;

Borophagina is a subtribe of the Borophaginae, a group of extinct canids. They inhabited much of North America from the Early Miocene to the Zanclean stage of the Pliocene, 20.6—3.6 Mya, and existed for approximately 17 million years.^[1]

Like some other borophagines, they were short-faced, heavy-jawed canids^[2]^[3] although the group included both omnivorous and hypercarnivorous species.^[4]

^ PaleoBiology Database: Borophagina: Age range and collections
^ Nowak, R. M., Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II, 1991
^ Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the AMNH; no. 243, Wang, Tedford, Taylor.
^ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.

[1] PaleoBiology Database: Borophagina: Age range and collections

[2] Nowak, R. M., Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II, 1991

[3] Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the AMNH; no. 243, Wang, Tedford, Taylor.

[4] Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.

Borophagina information

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Borophagina

Borophaginae

Epicyon

Borophagus

Protocyon

Carpocyon

Paratomarctus

Theriodictis

Protepicyon

Mesocyon

Archaeocyon

Sunkahetanka

Paraenhydrocyon

Otarocyon

Osbornodon iamonensis

Euoplocyon

Ectopocynus

Philotrox

Canis ferox

Cynarctus

Leptocyon

Enhydrocyon

Borophagini

Canis cedazoensis

Protomarctus

Cynarctina

Microtomarctus

Tephrocyon

Oxetocyon

Juntura Formation