For other uses, see Book of Numbers (disambiguation).
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The Book of Numbers (from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi, lit. 'numbers'; Biblical Hebrew: בְּמִדְבַּר, Bəmīḏbar, lit.'In [the] desert'; Latin: Liber Numeri) is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah.[1] The book has a long and complex history; its final form is possibly due to a Priestly redaction (i.e., editing) of a Yahwistic source made sometime in the early Persian period (5th century BC).[2] The name of the book comes from the two censuses taken of the Israelites.
Numbers is one of the better-preserved books of the Pentateuch. Fragments of the Ketef Hinnom scrolls containing verses from Numbers have been dated as far back as the late seventh or early sixth century BC. These verses are the earliest known artifacts to be found in the Hebrew Bible text.[3]
Numbers begins at Mount Sinai, where the Israelites have received their laws and covenant from God and God has taken up residence among them in the sanctuary.[4] The task before them is to take possession of the Promised Land. The people are counted and preparations are made for resuming their march. The Israelites begin the journey, but complain about the hardships along the way and about the authority of Moses and Aaron. They arrive at the borders of Canaan and send twelve spies into the land. Upon hearing the spies' fearful report concerning the conditions in Canaan,[5] the Israelites refuse to take possession of it. God condemns them to death in the wilderness until a new generation can grow up and carry out the task. Furthermore, there were some who rebelled against Moses and for these acts, God destroyed approximately 15,000 of them through various means. The book ends with the new generation of Israelites in the plains of Moab ready for the crossing of the Jordan River.[6]
Numbers is the culmination of the story of Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt and their journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers. As such it draws to a conclusion the themes introduced in Genesis and played out in Exodus and Leviticus: God has promised the Israelites that they shall become a great (i.e. numerous) nation, that they will have a special relationship with him, and that they shall take possession of the land of Canaan. Numbers also demonstrates the importance of holiness, faithfulness, and trust: despite God's presence and his priests, Israel lacks in faith and the possession of the land is left to a new generation.[2]
A BookofNumbers (ISBN 0906798191) is a book by John Grant published in 1982 by Ashgrove Press of Bath. A BookofNumbers is a bookof information, arranged...
The Book on Numbers and Computation (Chinese: 筭數書; pinyin: Suàn shù shū), or the Writings on Reckoning, is one of the earliest known Chinese mathematical...
ofnumbers above a trillion are rarely used in practice; such large numbers have practical usage primarily in the scientific domain, where powers of ten...
definition and construction of surreal numbers. Conway's construction was introduced in Donald Knuth's 1974 book Surreal Numbers: How Two Ex-Students Turned...
to God in the BookofNumbers (Torah, Old Testament). Its ashes after being sacrificed and burned were used for the ritual purification of corpse uncleanness...
stream of the ravines that lead to the dwelling of Ar, which lies along the border of Moab.' — Numbers 21:13–14 David Rosenberg suggests in The Bookof David...
Canberra Times. 14 November 2004. p. 5. "Bio". Adam Spencer – The Big BookofNumbers. Adam Spencer. 2015. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015...
Israelite Exodus out of Egypt (Numbers 34:1–12). The Torah's Bookof Deuteronomy presents this occupation as their God's fulfillment of the promise (Deuteronomy...
"Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Torah...
attempts by Moses to have notable men of Israel predict the success rate of entry into Canaan mentioned in the bookofNumbers, Joshua tasks two regular men with...
The phrase covenant of salt (Hebrew: ברית מלח, romanized: bərîṯ melaḥ) appears twice in the Hebrew Bible: In the BookofNumbers, God's priestly covenant...
Numeri (Latin, 'numbers') may refer to: BookofNumbers, a bookof the Hebrew Bible and the Torah Numeri (Roman troops), units of the Roman army Numeria...
According to the Bookof Exodus, the BookofNumbers, and the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament, it also contained Aaron's rod and a pot of manna. The...
20:1–17), and the Bookof the Covenant (Exodus 20:22–23:19). The entire Bookof Leviticus constitutes a second body of law, the BookofNumbers begins with...
This is a list of notable numbers and articles about notable numbers. The list does not contain all numbers in existence as most of the number sets are...
Nephilim is disputed. According to the BookofNumbers 13:33, ten of the Twelve Spies report the existence of Nephilim in Canaan prior to its conquest...
(מִלְכָּה Mīlkā), and Tirzah (תִרְצָה Tīrṣā) – mentioned in the biblical BookofNumbers. They lived during the Israelites' Exodus from Egypt as they prepared...
the BookofNumbers. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0521-87869-2. Carmichael, Calum (2012). The BookofNumbers: A Critique of Genesis...
in the Numbers concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the BookofNumbers. Frequently used sigla (symbols and abbreviations) of Hebrew...
region of Iraq and northern Syria in modern day Kurdistan. According to chapters Numbers 22–24 of the BookofNumbers, he was hired by King Balak of Moab...
(Deuteronomy 3:13; Numbers 32:40). In the Bookof Judges, the thirty sons of the biblical judge Jair controlled the thirty towns of Gilead (Judges 10:4)...
had no witnesses to make a formal case. It is described in the BookofNumbers (Numbers 5:11–31). Bitter water is "מֵי הַמָּרִים" mei ha-marim. In Rabbinic...
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