Global InformationBon Secours Mother and Baby Home information
53°30′28″N 8°50′34″W / 53.50765°N 8.84291°W
The Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home (also known as St Mary's Mother and Baby Home, or locally simply as The Home)[1] that operated between 1925 and 1961 in the town of Tuam, County Galway, Ireland, was a maternity home for unmarried mothers and their children. The Home was run by the Bon Secours Sisters, a religious order of Catholic nuns, that also operated the Grove Hospital in the town. Unmarried pregnant women were sent to the Home to give birth and interned for a year doing unpaid work.
In 2012, the Health Service Executive raised concerns that up to 1,000 children from the Home might have been sent to the United States for the purpose of illegal adoptions, without their mothers' consent.[2] Subsequent research discovered files relating to a lower number of 36 illegal foreign adoptions from the home and concluded that allegations of foreign adoptions for money were "impossible to prove and impossible to disprove".[3]
Also in 2012, local historian Catherine Corless published an article documenting the history of the home. The following year, she uncovered the names of the many children who died in the home. In 2014, Anna Corrigan uncovered the inspection reports of the home, which noted that the most commonly recorded causes of death among the infants were congenital debilities, infectious diseases and malnutrition (including marasmus-related malnutrition).[4] Corless' research led her to conclude that almost all had been buried in an unmarked and unregistered site at the Home, and the article claimed that there was a high death rate of residents.[5][6] Corless estimated that nearly 800 children had died at the home.
The Home was investigated by the Mother and Baby Homes Commission of Investigation, a statutory commission of investigation under Judge Yvonne Murphy. Excavations carried out between November 2016 and February 2017, that had been ordered by the Commission, found a significant quantity of human remains, aged from 35 foetal weeks to two to three years, interred in "a vault with twenty chambers". Carbon dating confirmed that the remains date from the time the home was operated by the Bon Secours order. The Commission said that it was shocked by the discovery, and that it would continue its investigation into who was responsible for the disposal of human remains in this way.[7]
Corless's original research noted that the site was also the location of a septic tank when overlaid with maps of the period of use as a workhouse.[8][9][10][11] The 2017 report by an Expert Technical Group, commissioned by the Department of Children and Youth Affairs, confirmed that the vault was a sewage tank after reviewing historical records and conducting a magnetometer survey; it concluded, "The combination of an institutional boarding home and commingled interments of juvenile remains in a sewage treatment system is a unique situation, with no directly comparable domestic or international cases."[12]
In October 2018, the Irish government announced that it would introduce legislation to facilitate a full excavation of the mass grave and site, and for forensic DNA testing to be carried out on the remains, at a cost estimated to be between €6 and €13 million. The Mother and Baby Home Commission finalised its report in 2020, and it was published in January 2021. The Bon Secours Sisters issued an apology in the wake of the report's publication, stating "We did not live up to our Christianity when running the Home." In May 2023, a team of forensic investigators was tasked with exhuming, analysing and identifying the remains.[13]
- ^ McNamara, Denise (13 February 2014). "Campaign to recognise 800 dead Tuam babies". Connacht Tribune. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
- ^ Ó Fátharta, Conall (3 June 2015). "Special Investigation: Fears over 'trafficking' of children to the US". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ "Final Report of the Commission of Investigation into Mother and Baby Homes". www.gov.ie. 2021. p. 101. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ Duncan, Pamela (17 July 2014). "File contains details of babies born in institutions". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "Explainer: What is happening with the possible mass grave of children found in Tuam?". TheJournal.ie. 7 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
- ^ "Baby deaths: now Gardai probe the Tuam 'mass grave'". Sunday Independent. 8 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Notice- 3rd March 2017". Mother and Baby Homes Commission of Investigation. 3 March 2017. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ^ Bohan, Christine (3 March 2017). "She was right: How Catherine Corless uncovered what happened in Tuam". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ "Mass grave of 796 babies found in septic tank at Catholic orphanage in Tuam, Galway". Belfast Telegraph. 4 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Almost 800 infants buried in unmarked graves in Tuam, County Galway". BBC. 3 June 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Barbash, Fred (13 March 2017). "The 'mother and baby home' at Tuam, Ireland, where friends just 'disappeared, one after the other'". Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "Technical Report on the Tuam Site Stage 2: Options and Appropriate Courses of Action available to Government at the site of the former Mother and Baby Home, Tuam, Co. Galway" (PDF). Department of Children and Youth Affairs. 12 December 2017. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ^ Carroll, Rory. "A stain on Ireland's conscience': identification to begin of 796 bodies buried at children's home". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 June 2023.