Global InformationBolibourgeoisie information
Bolibourgeoisie (a portmanteau of the words Bolivarian and bourgeoisie) or Bolichicos (English: Boliboys) are terms describing the new bourgeois created by the Venezuelan government of Hugo Chávez and Chavismo, made up of people who became rich under the Chávez administration.[1][2][3] The term was coined by journalist Juan Carlos Zapata to "define the oligarchy that has developed under the protection of the Chávez government".[4][5]
Corruption among the bolibourgeoisie and Chávez-administration sympathizers has moved billions of dollars with the complicity of public officials, with some becoming rich under the guise of socialism.[6][7][8] Henry Ramos Allup, a leader of the opposition party Democratic Action, has said corruption in the financial industry and other sectors of Venezuela is tied to government officials of the Chávez administration.[7][9] Following the death of Chávez, the bolibourgeoisie became more powerful and held more influence over Venezuela during the presidency of Nicolás Maduro.[10] Many figures of the bolibourgeoisie were included in the Panama Papers scandal.[8]
- ^ "EEUU congela mansión vinculada al testaferro de los hijastros de Maduro en caso de "los Bolichicos"". El Nuevo Herald. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ^ Valery, Yolanda (2 December 2009). "Boliburguesía: nueva clase venezolana" (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
- ^ Romero, Simon (16 February 2010). "Purging Loyalists, Chávez Tightens His Inner Circle". The New York Times.
- ^ "Auge y caída de un boliburgués" (in Spanish). talcualdigital.com. 24 November 2009. Archived from the original on 25 November 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
La boliburguesía –un término acuñado por el periodista Juan Carlos Zapata para definir a la oligarquía que ha crecido bajo protección del gobierno chavista– consituye hoy una "nueva clase social" de empresarios y políticos que se han servido de la falta de control del Parlamento, Fiscalía y Contraloría, para enriquecerse y hacer toda suerte de negocios, algunas veces de dudosa solvencia moral
- ^ "Los 'bolliburgueses', la nueva casta venezolana surgida de la revolución". lainformacion.com. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
- ^ "Henry Ramos Allup: Corrupción millonaria de boliburguesía con la complicidad de funcionarios" (in Spanish). informe21.com. 1 November 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
- ^ a b "Henry Ramos: Sin "bolifuncionarios" no habría "boliburguesía"". El Nacional (in Spanish). 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
- ^ a b Youkee, Mat (18 February 2019). "Panama Papers 'tightened the noose' on offshore assets of Maduro's inner circle". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ^ "Ramos Allup denunció a 11 empresarios pertenecientes "boliburguesía". Globovision (in Spanish). 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 4 February 2010.
- ^ Corrales, Javier; Penfold, Michael (2014). Dragon in the tropics : hugo chavez and the political economy of revolution in venezuela (Second ed.). [S.l.]: Brookings Institution Press. p. xii. ISBN 978-0815725930.