A birthday attack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties. The attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of permutations (pigeonholes). With a birthday attack, it is possible to find a collision of a hash function with chance in ,[1][2] with being the classical preimage resistance security with the same probability.[2] There is a general (though disputed[3]) result that quantum computers can perform birthday attacks, thus breaking collision resistance, in .[4]
Although there are some digital signature vulnerabilities associated with the birthday attack, it cannot be used to break an encryption scheme any faster than a brute-force attack.[5]: 36
^ abDang, Q H (2012). Recommendation for applications using approved hash algorithms (Report). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
^Daniel J. Bernstein. "Cost analysis of hash collisions : Will quantum computers make SHARCS obsolete?" (PDF). Cr.yp.to. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^Brassard, Gilles; HØyer, Peter; Tapp, Alain (20 April 1998). "Quantum cryptanalysis of hash and claw-free functions". LATIN'98: Theoretical Informatics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1380. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 163–169. arXiv:quant-ph/9705002. doi:10.1007/BFb0054319. ISBN 978-3-540-64275-6. S2CID 118940551.
^R. Shirey (August 2007). Internet Security Glossary, Version 2. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4949. RFC 4949. Informational.
A birthdayattack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be...
year. Real-world applications for the birthday problem include a cryptographic attack called the birthdayattack, which uses this probabilistic model to...
A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person, or figuratively of an institution. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often...
size of the hash value (128 bits) is small enough to contemplate a birthdayattack. MD5CRK was a distributed project started in March 2004 to demonstrate...
attacks, every cryptographic hash function is inherently vulnerable to collisions using a birthdayattack. Due to the birthday problem, these attacks...
2009. The strongest attack known against HMAC is based on the frequency of collisions for the hash function H ("birthdayattack") [PV,BCK2], and is totally...
birthdayattack. The premise of this attack is that it is difficult to find a birthday that specifically matches your birthday or a specific birthday...
(cryptography). Birthdayattack Cryptographic hash function Hash function security summary Puzzle friendliness Rainbow table Random oracle RFC 4270: Attacks on Cryptographic...
Sweet32 attack breaks all 64-bit block ciphers used in CBC mode as used in TLS by exploiting a birthdayattack and either a man-in-the-middle attack or injection...
attack is a type of attack where an attacker can use Hash(message1) and the length of message1 to calculate Hash(message1 ‖ message2) for an attacker-controlled...
the unrelated birthdayattack. Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack Kelly Jackson Higgins (26 March 2015). "SSL/TLS Suffers 'Bar Mitzvah Attack'". Dark Reading...
unlike attacks on symmetric cryptosystems, any cryptanalysis has the opportunity to make use of knowledge gained from the public key. Birthdayattack Hash...
second-preimage attack in which an attacker creates a document other than the original that has the same Merkle hash root. For the example above, an attacker can...
hands of an attacker, they can use a precomputed rainbow table to recover the plaintext passwords. A common defense against this attack is to compute...
sliding computational cost, used to reduce vulnerability to brute-force attacks. PBKDF2 is part of RSA Laboratories' Public-Key Cryptography Standards...
cracking attacks. It accesses the memory array in a password dependent order, which reduces the possibility of time–memory trade-off (TMTO) attacks, but introduces...
was encrypted with the same key before (this is known as the TLS CBC IV attack). For some keys, an all-zero initialization vector may generate some block...
in 1999. Besides incorporating a salt to protect against rainbow table attacks, bcrypt is an adaptive function: over time, the iteration count can be...
2012,: 165 in response to a spate of "hash flooding" denial-of-service attacks (HashDoS) in late 2011. SipHash is designed as a non-cryptographic hash...
meaningful word or phrase) with a code word (for example, "wallaby" replaces "attack at dawn"). A cypher, in contrast, is a scheme for changing or substituting...
required for pre-image resistance; otherwise collisions may be found by a birthdayattack. Collision resistance implies second pre-image resistance but does...
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