AD 430 (1594 years ago) (430) (inscription 1 & 2) AD 532 (1492 years ago) (532) (inscription 3 & 4)
Discovered
1952, by Virgilio Canio Corbo
Present location
Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, Jerusalem
Language
Old Georgian
The Bir el Qutt inscriptions[a] (Georgian: ბირ ელ ქუტის წარწერები, romanized:bir el kut'is ts'arts'erebi) are four[2] Old Georgian Byzantine mosaic inscriptions in the Asomtavruli script. They were excavated at a Saint Theodore Tiron[3][4] Georgian Orthodox monastery in 1952[5][6] by Italian archaeologist Virgilio Canio Corbo[7] near Bir el Qutt,[b] in the Judaean Desert, 6 km (3.7 mi) south-east of Jerusalem and 2 km (1.2 mi) north of Bethlehem.[8]
The complex was built of reddish limestone.[9] The excavations has also revealed a monastery which produced wine and olive oil.[10] Georgian inscriptions were found on a mosaic floor[11][12] decorated with geometrical and floral patterns.[13] The first two inscriptions are dated AD 430,[14][15] while the last two AD 532.[16] The excavations of Bir el Qutt conditioned discovery of inscriptions where only one has survived completely while others lack parts of the mosaic that suffered significant damage.[17] The inscriptions in memoriam mention Peter the Iberian[18] alongside his father, and also Bacurius the Iberian who is thought to be a possible maternal great-uncle[19] or grandfather of Peter.[20][21] Peter reputedly was the founder[22] or the renovator of the monastery.[23] Peter's aristocratic descent would allow him easy access to various persons of power and prestige in Constantinople, Jerusalem and other places,[24] to actively develop Georgian monastic establishments.[25] At the end of the eighth century the monastery was completely abandoned.[26]
So far, the first two carvings alongside the Georgian graffiti of Nazareth and Sinai are the oldest extant Georgian inscriptions.[27][28] The inscriptions are kept at the museum of the Studium Biblicum Franciscanum in Jerusalem.[29] Inscription 2 mentioning Peter the Iberian is currently missing and is deemed to be lost.[30]
^Tchekhanovets, p. 144
^Horn, p. 204
^Corbo, p. 113
^Khurtsilava, p. 26
^Khurtsilava, p. 13
^Corbo, p. 110
^Khurtsilava, p. 6
^Tchekhanovets, p. 137
^Tchekhanovets, p. 138
^Corbo, p. 2
^Tchekhanovets, p. 140
^Corbo, pp. 8-136
^De Gruyter, p. 605
^Rayfield, p. 41
^Khurtsilava, p. 17
^De Gruyter, pp. 605-608
^Khurtsilava (2017) p. 130
^Corbo, p. 130
^Rayfield, p. 39
^Khurtsilava, p. 24
^Tchekhanovets, p. 148
^Rayfield, p. 40
^Khurtsilava (2017) pp. 140-141
^Horn, pp. 1-2
^Horn, p. 71
^De Gruyter, pp. 605-606
^De Gruyter, pp. 605-610
^Tchekhanovets, p. 146
^Tchekhanovets, p. 141
^Khurtsilava, p. 18
and 22 Related for: Bir el Qutt inscriptions information
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