Mainland drills, from Cameroon. They bear a strong resemblance to the Bioko drill, as they are part of the same species, Mandrillus leucophaeus; however, the Bioko drill is distinguished by a yellow crown, rather than white.[1]
Bioko drill[2]
Conservation status
Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[3]
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Primates
Suborder:
Haplorhini
Infraorder:
Simiiformes
Family:
Cercopithecidae
Genus:
Mandrillus
Species:
M. leucophaeus
Subspecies:
M. l. poensis
Trinomial name
Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis
Zukowsky, 1922
The Bioko drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) is a subspecies of the drill, an Old World monkey. It is endemic to Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea,[4] located off the west coast of Africa.[5] The drill is one of the largest monkey species, and is considered endangered.[5] The Bioko drill was separated from their mainland counterpart, due to rising sea levels after the end of the last ice age, around 10,000 years ago.[4] The capital of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo,[4] is on Bioko Island. The Malabo market is the primary point of sale for bushmeat on Bioko Island.[1] The drill plays an important role in the cultural tradition of bushmeat consumption, and is locally considered to be tasty, and in some regions, a delicacy.[6] The commercialisation of hunting on Bioko Island has made this practice unsustainable.[1] Hunting of the Bioko drill is banned in most areas of Bioko Island, as they predominantly inhabit protected areas on the island. However, the ban is considered ineffective; hunting remains the largest threat to the drill's population.[4][7]
^ abcCronin, Drew T.; Woloszynek, Stephen; Morra, Wayne A.; Honarvar, Shaya; Linder, Joshua M.; Gonder, Mary Katherine; O’Connor, Michael P.; Hearn, Gail W. (2015-07-31). Moreira, Francisco (ed.). "Long-Term Urban Market Dynamics Reveal Increased Bushmeat Carcass Volume despite Economic Growth and Proactive Environmental Legislation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea". PLOS ONE. 10 (7): e0134464. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1034464C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134464. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4521855. PMID 26230504.
^Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 165. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^Cronin, D.T.; Owens, J.R. (2020). "Mandrillus leucophaeus ssp. poensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12755A17986085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12755A17986085.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ abcdAlbrechtsen, Lise; Macdonald, David W.; Johnson, Paul J.; Castelo, Ramon; Fa, John E. (2007-11-01). "Faunal loss from bushmeat hunting: empirical evidence and policy implications in Bioko Island". Environmental Science & Policy. 10 (7): 654–667. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2007.04.007. ISSN 1462-9011.
^ abRagan Davi, Christine (August 2017). "Drill MANDRILLUS LEUCOPHAEUS". New England Primate Conservatory.
^Butyinski, Thomas; Koster, Stanley (1994). "Distribution and conservation status of primates in Bioko island, Equatorial Guinea". Biodiversity and Conservation. 3 (9): 893–909. doi:10.1007/BF00129665. S2CID 9467185.
^Butynski, Thomas M.; Jong, Yvonne A. de; Hearn, Gail W. (2009). "Body Measurements for the Monkeys of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea". Primate Conservation. 24 (1): 99–105. doi:10.1896/052.024.0108. ISSN 0898-6207. S2CID 86484346.
The Biokodrill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) is a subspecies of the drill, an Old World monkey. It is endemic to Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, located...
Bioko (/biːˈoʊkoʊ/; historically Fernando Po; Bube: Ëtulá a Ëri) is an island 32 km (20 mi) south of the coast of Cameroon, and 160 km (99 mi) northwest...
yellow and black coloring on its crown, and is otherwise similar to the Biokodrill. Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species...
consisting of two species: M. sphinx and M. leucophaeus, the mandrill and drill, respectively. Mandrillus, originally placed under the genus Papio as a...
estimated population Drill M. leucophaeus (F. Cuvier, 1807) Two subspecies M. l. leucophaeus (Mainland drill) M. l. poensis (Biokodrill) Western Africa Size:...
protected area of 51,000 hectares (130,000 acres) on the volcanic island of Bioko (formerly called Fernando Pó), a part of Equatorial Guinea. The dense rainforest...
insularis, was based on the mistaken belief that mandrills are present on Bioko Island. The consensus is that mandrills belong to one subspecies (M. s....
(2,600 ft) elevation. The lowland forests are part of the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests ecoregion. They are composed of evergreen trees with a dense...
meters elevation, and is surrounded at lower elevations by the Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests at the southern end of the range, and by Guinean forest–savanna...
mostly intact. This includes an endemic subspecies of drill, Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis. Bioko is a part of Equatorial Guinea. The island has a population...
primates. Based on analysis of strains found in four species of monkeys from Bioko Island, which was isolated from the mainland by rising sea levels about...
Marathon Oil and its partners Noble Energy and AMPCO, have invested in the Bioko Island Malaria Control Project (BIMCP) in Equatorial Guinea. The project...
part of the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests ecoregion, an important centre for biodiversity. It is a habitat for the drill primate, which is found in...
the Guinean forest–savanna mosaic in the far north and the Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests in the majority of the interior of the state. The smaller...
Royal Navy originally used the harbour of the island of Fernando Po (now Bioko, Equatorial Guinea) off Nigeria as a base of operations. In 1855, Spain...
subspecies C. e. camerunensis (Cameroon Red-eared Monkey) C. e. erythrotis (Bioko Red-eared Monkey) Western Africa Size: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 46–77 cm...
annually about 3,000 collared mangabeys are hunted in the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests for the bushmeat trade. The collared mangabey is listed...
folivore: Altitudinal variations in the diet and feeding ecology of the Bioko Island drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis)". American Journal of Primatology...
terminal that will enhance the distribution of crude oil on the island of Bioko. The Ministry of Mines and Hydrocarbons under the leadership of him, has...
Navy originally used the port of the Spanish island of Fernando Po (now Bioko, Equatorial Guinea) off Nigeria as an extraterritorial base of operations...
done to privatise these industries, in similar fashion to the way oil drilling was privatised. The party also has a minister for women, and has in recent...
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