Beyond CMOS refers to the possible future digital logic technologies beyond the scaling limits of CMOS technology.[1][2][3][4] which limits device density and speeds due to heating effects.[5]
Beyond CMOS is the name of one of the 7 focus groups in ITRS 2.0 (2013) and in its successor, the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.
CPU Clock Scaling
CPUs using CMOS were released from 1986 (e.g. 12 MHz Intel 80386). As CMOS transistor dimensions were shrunk the clock speeds also increased. Since about 2004 CMOS CPU clock speeds have leveled off at about 3.5 GHz.
A graph of efficiency gains possible under 'more Moore' (ie, further improvements to current technology) and 'Beyond CMOS' (ie, a paradigm shift in technology). From the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems[6]
CMOS devices sizes continue to shrink – see Intel tick–tock and ITRS:
22 nanometer Ivy Bridge in 2012
first 14 nanometer processors shipped in Q4 2014.
In May 2015, Samsung Electronics showed a 300 mm wafer of 10 nanometer FinFET chips.[7]
It is not yet clear if CMOS transistors will still work below 3 nm.[4] See 3 nanometer.
^"Extending the road beyond CMOS. Hutchby 2002" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
^Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A. (September 2012). "Overview of Beyond-CMOS Devices and A Uniform Methodology for Their Benchmarking". arXiv:1302.0244 [cond-mat.mes-hall].
^Bernstein; et al. (2011). "Device and Architecture Outlook for Beyond CMOS Switches". Archived from the original on 2015-02-22. Retrieved 2015-02-22. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ ab"Review of Advanced and Beyond CMOS FET Technologies for Radio Frequency Circuit Design. Carta 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
^Frank, D.J. (March 2002). "Power-constrained CMOS scaling limits". IBM Journal of Research and Development. 46 (2.3): 235–244. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.84.4043. doi:10.1147/rd.462.0235.
^"Beyond CMOS" (PDF). The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (2017 ed.). IEEE. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-03. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
^"Samsung vows to start 10nm chip production in 2016". 23 May 2015. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
BeyondCMOS refers to the possible future digital logic technologies beyond the scaling limits of CMOS technology. which limits device density and speeds...
CMOS technology is used for constructing integrated circuit (IC) chips, including microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory chips (including CMOS BIOS)...
historical improvements described by Moore's law BeyondCMOS - technologies that may allow further progress once CMOS reaches its fundamental limits. Packaging...
various improved device properties for a future computer technology BeyondCMOS. The top problems listed as milestones and challenges for logic are as...
power generation, and sensing devices. BeyondCMOS The focus is on devices that provide electronics but aren’t CMOS based, such as spintronics, memristors...
sensor (CMOS sensor). Both CCD and CMOS sensors are based on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology, with CCDs based on MOS capacitors and CMOS sensors...
circuit and system designers for the exploration of spintronics for “beyondCMOS computing.” Read heads of magnetic hard drives are based on the GMR or...
their CMOS image sensors. It performs on-chip analog/digital signal conversion and two-step noise reduction in parallel on each column of the CMOS sensor...
voltages and capacitors are important in semiconductor logic circuits such as CMOS, currents and inductors are most important in SFQ logic circuits. Power can...
numerous companies have made the original timers and later similar low-power CMOS timers. In 2017, it was said that over a billion 555 timers are produced...
fabricated in the same low-cost CMOS processes as microprocessors. But since 1998, radio chips have been developed using RF CMOS processes. Examples include...
quantum dot gates for flash memory. He is active in the areas of beyondCMOS nanoelectronic transistors based on 2D materials and spintronics, fabrication...
objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and governed under the...
complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics have become commercially available for TEM. CMOS cameras have some advantages for electron...
magnetic resonance (NMR), integrated circuits, and beyond-CMOS electronics. Notable work includes: CMOS-neuroelectronic interfaces for massively parallel...
Global Information
