Global InformationBerlese funnel information
A Berlese funnel or Berlese trap is a device used to extract desiccation-intolerant invertebrates from samples of soil or leaf litter. It works by creating a desiccation gradient over the sample such that mobile organisms will move away from the dry environment and fall into a collecting vessel, where they are preserved for examination.
Biologist Antonio Berlese first described such a device in 1905, using a hot water jacket as heat source.[1] In 1918 Albert Tullgren described a modification, where the heating came from above by an electric bulb and the heat gradient was increased by an iron sheet drum around the soil sample.[2] For this reason the term Tullgren funnel is also used. A modern funnel usually combines elements from both methods and thus may be referred to as a Berlese-Tullgren funnel.[3]
Another variation uses naphthalene flakes or similar aromatic mothballs in place of a heat source to drive organisms downward.[4] This method finds application in situations without electrical power, where the organisms are repulsed by volatile preservatives in collection container, or they cannot migrate downward quickly enough to avoid succumbing to desiccation.
- ^ Berlese, Antonio (1905). Apparecchio per raccogliere presto ed in gran numero piccoli Artropodi [Apparatus for gathering small arthropods quickly and in large numbers] (in Italian). pp. 85–90. OCLC 79048180.
- ^ Tullgren, A (26 August 2009). "Ein sehr einfacher Ausleseapparat für terricole Tierformen" [A very simple device to select for soil-dwelling animals]. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie (in German). 4 (1): 149–150. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1918.tb00820.x.
- ^ Southwood, T.R.E. (1994). Ecological methods. Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-412-30710-2.[page needed]
- ^ Brown, Richard D. (15 March 1973). "Funnel for Extraction of Leaf Litter Organisms". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 66 (2): 485–6. doi:10.1093/aesa/66.2.485.