Benthozoa information

Benthozoa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Clade:	Benthozoa; A. Erives and B. Fritzsch, 2019
Clades
	Porifera ; Eumetazoa (sans Ctenophora)
Synonyms
	Myriazoa

The Benthozoa or Myriazoa^[1] are a proposed basal animal clade consisting of the Porifera and ParaHoxozoa as sister of the Ctenophora.^[2] An alternative phylogeny is given by the Porifera-sister hypothesis in which Porifera are the first diverging animal group.

Choanozoa

Choanoflagellata

Animalia

Ctenophora

Benthozoa

Porifera

Eumetazoa/

	Placozoa

	Cnidaria

Bilateria

Xenacoelomorpha

Nephrozoa

Deuterostomia

	Chordata

	Ambulacraria

Protostomia

Ecdysozoa

Scalidophora

	Arthropoda and allies

	Nematoda and allies

>529 mya

Spiralia

Gnathifera

	Rotifera and allies

	Chaetognatha

Platytrochozoa

Platyhelminthes and allies

Lophotrochozoa

	Mollusca and allies

	Annelida and allies

550 mya

580 mya

610 mya

650 mya

Triploblasts

ParaHoxozoa

760 mya

950 mya

^ Schultz, Darrin T.; Haddock, Steven H. D.; Bredeson, Jessen V.; Green, Richard E.; Simakov, Oleg; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2023-05-17). "Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 10232365.
^ Erives, Albert; Fritzsch, Bernd (2019-07-17). "A screen for gene paralogies delineating evolutionary branching order of early Metazoa". bioRxiv: 704551. doi:10.1101/704551.

[1] Schultz, Darrin T.; Haddock, Steven H. D.; Bredeson, Jessen V.; Green, Richard E.; Simakov, Oleg; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2023-05-17). "Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 10232365.

[2] Erives, Albert; Fritzsch, Bernd (2019-07-17). "A screen for gene paralogies delineating evolutionary branching order of early Metazoa". bioRxiv: 704551. doi:10.1101/704551.