The Sex Orientation Scale (SOS) was Harry Benjamin's attempt to classify and understand various forms and subtypes of transvestism and transsexualism in biological males, published in 1966.[1][2] It was a seven-point scale (with three types of transvestism, three types of transsexualism, and one category for typical males); it was analogous to the Kinsey Scale as it relates to sexual orientation, which also had seven categories.[3]
Much like Kinsey's understanding of sexual orientation, Benjamin understood the nature of gender identity and gender expression not as a discrete scale, but as a spectrum, a continuum with many variations. However the Benjamin scale does not reflect a modern understanding of gender identity,[4] and is not useful as a contemporary diagnostic tool,[5] especially due to its conflation of gender identity with sexual orientation.
Benjamin feared legal consequences for surgeons who performed sex reassignment surgery, and focused on the patients being able to pass and unlikely to regret their decision when deciding whether to recommend someone for an operation—in addition to possessing an unchanging gender identity.[6]
^Benjamin, Harry (1966). The Transsexual Phenomenon. The Julian Press, ISBN 9780446824262
^Heath, Rachel Ann (2006). The Praeger Handbook of Transsexuality: Changing Gender to Match Mindset. Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Praeger. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-275-99176-0.
^Pomeroy, Wardell (1975). The diagnosis and treatment of transvestites and transsexuals. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy Volume 1, Issue 3, 1975 doi:10.1080/00926237508405291
^Kumar, Anish; Amakiri, Uchechukwu; Safer, Joshua (15 February 2022). "Medicine as constraint: Assessing the barriers to gender-affirming care". Cell Reports Medicine. 3 (2): 100517. doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100517. PMC 8861822. PMID 35243420.
^Coleman, E.; et al. (15 September 2022). "Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8". International Journal of Transgender Health. 23 (Suppl 1): S6-7. doi:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644. PMC 9553112. PMID 36238954. S2CID 252127302.
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