A behaviour mutation is a genetic mutation that alters genes that control the way in which an organism behaves, causing their behavioural patterns to change.
A mutation is a change or error in the genomic sequence of a cell.[1] It can occur during meiosis or replication of DNA, as well as due to ionizing or UV radiation, transposons, mutagenic chemicals, viruses and a number of other factors.[2][3][4] Mutations usually (but not always) result in a change in an organism's fitness. These changes are largely deleterious, having a negative effect on fitness; however, they can also be neutral and even advantageous.[1][5]
It is theorized that these mutations, along with genetic recombination, are the raw material upon which natural selection can act to form evolutionary processes.[6] This is due to selection's tendency to "pick and choose" mutations which are advantageous and pass them on to an organism's offspring, while discarding deleterious mutations. In asexual lineages, these mutations will always be passed on, causing them to become a crucial factor in whether the lineage will survive or go extinct.[1]
One way that mutations manifest themselves is behaviour mutation. Some examples of this could be variations in mating patterns,[7] increasingly aggressive or passive demeanor,[8] how an individual learns and the way an individual interacts and coordinates with others.[9]
Behaviour mutations have important implications on the nature of the evolution of animal behaviour. They can help us understand how different forms of behaviour evolve, especially behaviour which can seem strange or out of place. In other cases, they can help us understand how important patterns of behaviour were able to arise – on the back of a simple gene mutation.[10][11] Finally, they can help provide key insight on the nature of speciation events which can occur when a behaviour mutation changes the courtship methods and manner of mating in sexually reproducing species.[12]
^ abcFutuyma, Douglas J. (2009). Evolution (2nd ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-223-8.[page needed]
^Burrus, Vincent; Waldor, Matthew K (2004). "Shaping bacterial genomes with integrative and conjugative elements". Research in Microbiology. 155 (5): 376–86. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2004.01.012. PMID 15207870.
^Bertram, John S (2000). "The molecular biology of cancer". Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 21 (6): 167–223. doi:10.1016/S0098-2997(00)00007-8. PMID 11173079.
^Aminetzach, Yael T.; MacPherson, J. Michael; Petrov, Dmitri A. (2005). "Pesticide Resistance via Transposition-Mediated Adaptive Gene Truncation in Drosophila". Science. 309 (5735): 764–7. Bibcode:2005Sci...309..764A. doi:10.1126/science.1112699. PMID 16051794. S2CID 11640993.
^Sawyer, Stanley A.; Parsch, John; Zhang, Zhi; Hartl, Daniel L. (2007). "Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (16): 6504–10. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6504S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701572104. JSTOR 25427413. PMC 1871816. PMID 17409186.
^Carroll, Sean B.; Grenier, Jennifer; Weatherbee, Scott (2005). From DNA to Diversity: Molecular Genetics and the Evolution of Animal Design (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-1950-4.[page needed]
^O'Dell, Kevin; Burnet, Barrie; Jallon, Jean-Marc (1989). "Effects of the hypoactive and inactive mutations on mating success in Drosophila melanogaster". Heredity. 62 (3): 373–81. doi:10.1038/hdy.1989.52.
^Brunner, H.; Nelen, M; Breakefield, X.; Ropers, H.; Van Oost, B. (1993). "Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A". Science. 262 (5133): 578–80. Bibcode:1993Sci...262..578B. doi:10.1126/science.8211186. PMID 8211186.
^Wolfer, David P.; Lipp, Hans-Peter (2000-11-01). "Dissecting the behaviour of transgenic mice: Is it the mutation, the genetic background, or the environment?". Experimental Physiology. 85 (6): 627–34. doi:10.1017/S0958067000020959. PMID 11187958.
^Hamilton, W.D. (1964). "The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 7 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:1964JThBi...7....1H. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4. PMID 5875341.
^Hamilton, W.D. (1964). "The genetical evolution of social behaviour. II". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 7 (1): 17–52. Bibcode:1964JThBi...7...17H. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6. PMID 5875340.
^Bastock, Margaret (1956). "A Gene Mutation Which Changes a Behavior Pattern". Evolution. 10 (4): 421–39. doi:10.2307/2407002. JSTOR 2407002.
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