A beehive fence is a fence which is built to deter elephants based on their natural fear of bees.
The fence is set up off the ground at chest height and contains hives spaced every 10 metres.[1] If an elephant disturbs the fence, then the hives shake and the bees become agitated, and the elephants are deterred.[2] Elephants communicate the presence of bees to other elephants and thus tend to avoid the area.[3]
The approach has been largely successful, reducing conflict between humans and elephants by up to 85%.[4][5] In addition to minimising conflicts between humans and elephants, the beehives can also serve as an additional source of income via the sale of the honey produced.[2]
Beehive fences were invented by Lucy King, a zoologist at Save the Elephants,[6] who noticed that elephants avoided acacia trees that had bee colonies. The inventor received the 2013 St. Andrews Prize for the Environment.[7]
Beehive fences have a comparatively low startup cost, with costs around $22 for a single beehive compared to over $1 million for electric fencing.[8]
Criticisms of beehive fences include difficulties and costs involved in maintaining large colonies of bees, as well as the potential for ineffectiveness if there are too few bees or if the elephants knock over beehives while advancing.[8]
^King, Dr. Lucy E. (2019). "Beehive Fence Construction Manual" (PDF). beesandelephants.com. Nairobi, Kenya: The Elephants and Bees Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
^ abEnukwa, Ettagbor Hans (2017-10-30). "Human-Elephant conflict mitigation methods: A review of effectiveness and sustainability". Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity. 1 (2): 69–78. doi:10.22120/jwb.2017.28260. ISSN 2588-3526. Archived from the original on 2023-03-16. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
^Wijayagunawardane, Missaka P. B.; Short, Roger V.; Samarakone, Thusith S.; Nishany, K. B. Madhuka; Harrington, Helena; Perera, B. V. P.; Rassool, Roger; Bittner, Evan P. (2016-04-27). "The use of audio playback to deter crop-raiding Asian elephants: Vocalizations to Deter Crop-raiding Elephants". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 40 (2): 375–379. doi:10.1002/wsb.652. hdl:11343/291215. Archived from the original on 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
^King, Lucy E.; Lala, Fredrick; Nzumu, Hesron; Mwambingu, Emmanuel; Douglas-Hamilton, Iain (2017-02-21). "Beehive fences as a multidimensional conflict-mitigation tool for farmers coexisting with elephants". Conservation Biology: The Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology. 31 (4): 743–752. Bibcode:2017ConBi..31..743K. doi:10.1111/cobi.12898. ISSN 1523-1739. PMID 28221699. Archived from the original on 2023-12-23. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
^Water, Antoinette; King, Lucy E.; Arkajak, Rachaya; Arkajak, Jirachai; Doormaal, Nick; Ceccarelli, Viviana; Sluiter, Liesbeth; Doornwaard, Suzan M.; Praet, Vera; Owen, David; Matteson, Kevin (2020-08-20). "Beehive fences as a sustainable local solution to human-elephant conflict in Thailand". Conservation Science and Practice. 2 (10). Bibcode:2020ConSP...2E.260V. doi:10.1111/csp2.260. ISSN 2578-4854. S2CID 221406535. Archived from the original on 2024-03-01. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
^Zomorodi, Manoush; Faulkner-White, Rachel; Meshkinpour, Sanaz (2020-09-04). "What humans can learn from animals about living in harmony". NPR. Archived from the original on 2023-03-16. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
^"University of St Andrews news". Archived from the original on 2023-12-23. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
^ abMontgomery, Robert A.; Raupp, Jamie; Mukhwana, Methodius; Greenleaf, Ashley; Mudumba, Tutilo; Muruthi, Philip (2022-03-01). "The efficacy of interventions to protect crops from raiding elephants". Ambio. 51 (3): 716–727. Bibcode:2022Ambio..51..716M. doi:10.1007/s13280-021-01587-x. ISSN 1654-7209. PMC 8800974. PMID 34173175. Archived from the original on 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
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