Battle of Vigo Bay information

Battle of Vigo Bay
	Part of the War of the Spanish Succession
	; The Battle of Vigo Bay, by Ludolf Backhuysen
Date	23 October 1702
Location	Ria of Vigo, Galicia, Spain42°14′14.12″N 8°43′17.86″W / 42.2372556°N 8.7216278°W
Result	Grand Alliance victory
Belligerents
England; Dutch Republic	France; Bourbon Spain
Commanders and leaders
George Rooke; Philips van Almonde	Château-Renault; Manuel de Velasco
Strength
25 ships of the line; + frigates and fireships	15 French ships of the line; 3 Spanish galleons; + frigates, fireships, and transports
Casualties and losses
~800 killed	All ships burnt or captured; ~2,000 killed

The Battle of Vigo Bay, also known as the Battle of Rande (Galician: Batalla de Rande; Spanish: Batalla de Rande), was a naval engagement fought on 23 October 1702 during the opening years of the War of the Spanish Succession. The engagement followed an Anglo-Dutch attempt to capture the Spanish port of Cádiz in September in an effort to secure a naval base in the Iberian Peninsula. From this station the Allies had hoped to conduct operations in the western Mediterranean Sea, particularly against the French at Toulon. The amphibious assault, however, had proved a disaster, but as Admiral George Rooke retreated home in early October, he received news that the Spanish treasure fleet from America, laden with silver and merchandise, had entered Vigo Bay in northern Spain. Philips van Almonde convinced Rooke to attack the treasure ships, despite the lateness of the year and the fact that the vessels were protected by French ships-of-the-line.

The French and Spanish fleet sought safety behind a boom with twin batteries. However, Allied marines captured the harbour batteries while an Allied ship broke the boom. The main Anglo-Dutch fleet then attacked the outnumbered and immobilized French fleet. The French surrendered six ships-of-the-line, and others were destroyed.^[6]

The engagement was an overwhelming naval success for the Allies: the entire French escort fleet, under the command of Château-Renault, together with the Spanish galleons and transports under Manuel de Velasco, had either been captured or destroyed. Yet because most of the treasure had been off-loaded before the attack, capturing the bulk of the silver cargo had eluded Rooke. Nevertheless, the victory was a welcome boost to Allied morale and helped persuade the Portuguese King, Peter II, to abandon his earlier treaty with the French, and join the Grand Alliance.

^ All dates in the article are in the Gregorian calendar (unless otherwise stated). The Julian calendar as used in England in 1704 differed by eleven days. Thus, the battle of Vigo Bay is dated on 23 October (Gregorian calendar) or 12 October (Julian calendar). In this article (O.S) is used to annotate Julian dates with the year adjusted to 1 January. See the article Old Style and New Style dates for a more detailed explanation of the dating issues and conventions.
^ Francis: The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713, p. 53. Ships of the line that took part in the actual battle: 15 English, 10 Dutch
^ Francis: The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713, p. 53. French: 15 ships of the line plus two frigates and a fireship. Spanish: 3 galleons, plus 17 galleys.
^ Grant: 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History, p. 393
^ Stanhope: History of the War of the Succession in Spain, p. 63
^ Cathal J. Nolan, Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare (2008) p 500

[1] All dates in the article are in the Gregorian calendar (unless otherwise stated). The Julian calendar as used in England in 1704 differed by eleven days. Thus, the battle of Vigo Bay is dated on 23 October (Gregorian calendar) or 12 October (Julian calendar). In this article (O.S) is used to annotate Julian dates with the year adjusted to 1 January. See the article Old Style and New Style dates for a more detailed explanation of the dating issues and conventions.

[francis53-2] Francis: The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713, p. 53. Ships of the line that took part in the actual battle: 15 English, 10 Dutch

[3] Francis: The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713, p. 53. French: 15 ships of the line plus two frigates and a fireship. Spanish: 3 galleons, plus 17 galleys.

[4] Grant: 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History, p. 393

[5] Stanhope: History of the War of the Succession in Spain, p. 63

[6] Cathal J. Nolan, Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare (2008) p 500

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