220 killed 76 wounded 3,200 missing 18 smoothbore guns lost
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Battle of San Francisco (South America)
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Battle of San Francisco (America)
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v
t
e
War of the Pacific
Naval campaign
1st Iquique
Chipana
Pisagua
1st Callao
2nd Iquique
Punta Gruesa
Huáscar
1st Antofagasta
3rd Iquique
Rímac
2nd Antofagasta
Punta Arenas
Angamos
Pilcomayo
Arica
Naval Battle
Rupture
2nd Callao
Land campaigns
Loa Line and Altiplano
Calama
Río Grande
Quillagua
Tambillo
Tarapacá campaign
Pisagua
Pampa Germania
San Francisco
Tarapacá
Tacna and Arica campaign
Ilo and Pacocha
Moquegua
Mollendo
Los Ángeles
Locumba
Buenavista
Tacna
Arica
Tarata
Lynch Expedition
Lima campaign
Chilca
Yerba Buena
Bujama
Humay
El Manzano
Rinconada de Ate
San Juan and Chorrillos
Miraflores
Lima
Chilean occupation of Peru
Breña campaign
San Jerónimo
Letelier Expedition
Sángrar
Verrugas
1st Purhuay
Calientes
1st Pachía
Cieneguilla
Motupe
Guadalupe
1st Pucará
Acuchimay
Sierralumi
Huaripampa
Llocllapampa
Chupaca
La Oroya
2nd Pucará
Concepción
San Pablo
Tarmatambo
2nd Purhuay
Huamantanga
Crossing of the Andes
Huamachuco
Izcuchaca
2nd Pachía
Arequipa-Puno Line
Arequipa
Titicaca Lake
The Battle of San Francisco, also known as the Battle of Dolores (not to be confused with the Battle of Dolores River (1904) during the Philippine–American War), was a major battle in the Tarapacá Campaign of the War of the Pacific, fought on November 19, 1879, in the Peruvian department of Tarapacá. A Chilean army under Colonel Emilio Sotomayor had moved via Dolores rail road deep into the desert and was encamped at San Francisco Saltpeter Office, about 30 kilometers south east of the port of Pisagua. Allied forces under General Juan Buendía launched an attack on Sotomayor's army. At the beginning, Bolivian General Carlos de Villegas pressed the attack over a poorly defended battery right in the Chilean centre and almost succeeded. Only the arrival of infantry support allowed Colonel José Domingo Amunátegui to hold the position.
The Allies also struck with the intention of driving the Chilean defenders away from Dolores well. Buendía hoped to defeat Sotomayor's army before the anticipated arrival of Gen. Erasmo Escala with reinforcements from Hospicio. The allied columns became confused during the fierce fighting, and Sotomayor's men rejected the attacks over its flanks and centre. Colonel Ladislao Espinar was mortally wounded at San Francisco, while Villegas was wounded and captured, among other allied officers.
The Allies were forced to retreat from the battlefield, ending their hopes of sending the Chileans back to the sea. Also, Buendía lost a huge amount of war materiel such as cannons, ammunition and weapons.
The catastrophe for the Allies was the result of poor logistics, inefficient leadership and the unexpected desertion of the Bolivian Army under the half-hearted command of President Hilarión Daza, known as the Camarones betrayal.
^Querejazu, p. 344
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