Most of the Eastern Roman provinces defect to Caesar[1]
Belligerents
Caesarians
Pompeians
Commanders and leaders
Julius Caesar Mark Antony Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus Publius Cornelius Sulla
Pompey Titus Labienus Metellus Scipio Lucius Domitius † Lucius Cornelius Lentulus
Units involved
Legio VI
Legio VII
Legio VIII
Legio IX
Legio X
Legio XI
Legio XII
Legio XIII
Syrian legions
Cilician legions
Legio I
Legio III
Strength
23,000+
22,000 legionaries
1,000 cavalry
A few light infantry
41,000–52,000+
c. 36,000–45,000 legionaries
5,000–7,000 cavalry
Thousands of light infantry
Casualties and losses
200–1,200 killed
30,000–39,000[2][3][4][i]
6,000–15,000 killed
24,000 captured
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Location within Greece
v
t
e
Caesar's civil war
Italy
Rubicon
Corfinium
Brundisium
Spain
Massilia (land)
Ilerda
Massilia (naval)
Tauroento
Carteia
Munda
Corduba
Lauro
Macedonia and Illyricum
Curicta
Tauris
Caesar's invasion of Macedonia
Oricum
Dyrrhachium
Gomphi
Pharsalus
Egypt and Asia
Nicopolis
Alexandrian war
Alexandria
Nile
Zela
Apamea
Africa
Utica
Bagradas
Caesar's invasion of Africa
Ruspina
Ascurum
Thapsus
Hippo Regius
The Battle of Pharsalus was the decisive battle of Caesar's Civil War fought on 9 August 48 BC near Pharsalus in Central Greece. Julius Caesar and his allies formed up opposite the army of the Roman Republic under the command of Pompey.[6] Pompey had the backing of a majority of Roman senators and his army significantly outnumbered the veteran Caesarian legions.
Pressured by his officers, Pompey reluctantly engaged in battle and suffered an overwhelming defeat, ultimately fleeing the camp and his men, disguised as an ordinary citizen. Eventually making his way to Egypt, he was assassinated upon his arrival at the order of Ptolemy XIII.[7]
^History, Military (8 July 2019). "The Battle of Pharsalus, 9 August 48 BC | The Past". the-past.com. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
^"Battle of Pharsalus | Summary, Facts, & Significance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
^"Pharsalus (48 BCE) - Livius". www.livius.org. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
^History, Military (8 July 2019). "The Battle of Pharsalus, 9 August 48 BC | The Past". the-past.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
^Caesar, BC III 99,1.
^"The Battle of Pharsalus". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
^Goldsworthy, p. 431.
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