"Operation Chromite" redirects here. For the film, see Operation Chromite (film).
Battle of Inchon
Part of the Korean War
Four tank landing ships unload men and equipment on Red Beach one day after the amphibious landings on Incheon.
Date
10–19 September 1950 (10–15 September – Bombardments of Wolmido and Incheon) (15–19 September – Incheon Landing)
Location
Inchon, South Korea and the Yellow Sea
Result
United Nations victory
Beginning of the North Korean withdrawal from South Korea
Start of the UN offensive into North Korea
Belligerents
South Korea
United Nations
United States
United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
France
Netherlands
North Korea
Commanders and leaders
Douglas MacArthur
Arthur Dewey Struble
Edward M. Almond
Oliver P. Smith[1]
Sohn Won-yil
Shin Hyun-joon
Paik In-yeop
Kim Il Sung
Choe Yong-kun
Wol Ki Chan
Wan Yong
Units involved
X Corps
7th Infantry Division
1st Marine Division
various support units
ROK Army 17th Infantry Regiment[2]
ROK Marine 1st Regiment[3]
ROK Police Hwarang Unit[4]
KATUSA[5]
Student Volunteer Force of Koreans In Japan[6]
Joint Task Force 7 (UN Combined Fleet)
226th Marine Regiment
918th Artillery Regiment
Strength
About 40,000 infantry
4 cruisers
7 destroyers
About 260 ships of Joint Task Force 7: US (226 ships) South Korea (15 ships) UK (12 ships) Canada (3 ships) Australia (2 ships) New Zealand (2 ships) France (1 ship) Netherlands (1 ship)
[7]
About
6,500 infantry
19 aircraft[8]
1 fortress
1 patrol boat
Unknown quantity of artillery
Casualties and losses
224 killed 809 wounded 2 cruisers damaged 3 destroyers damaged 1 LST lost and 3 damaged 1 aircraft destroyed
1,350 killed
1 fortress damaged
1 patrol boat sunk
1 aircraft destroyed
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Location within Korea
v
t
e
Naval engagements of the Korean War (1950–1953) and post-armistice incidents
Pre Armistice
Korea Strait
Chumonchin Chan
Haeju
Inchon
Tailboard
2nd Wonsan
Fireball
Buzz Saw
Kickoff
USS Walke Incident
Han River
Post Armistice
Dangpo sinking (1967)
ROK Coast Guard ship sinking (1974)
Gangneung Incident (1996)
Sokcho Incident (1998)
Yeosu Incident (1998)
Maritime border incidents
First Battle of Yeongpyeong
Second Battle of Yeongpyeong
Daecheong incident (2009)
Cheonan sinking (2010)
v
t
e
Korean War
North Korean offensive (25 June – 15 September 1950)
Pokpung
Chuncheon
1st Seoul
Gorangpo
Kaesong–Munsan
Ongjin
Uijeongbu
Suwon Airfield
Air Campaign
Andong
Chumonchin Chan
Osan
Pyongtaek
Chonan
Chochiwon
Taejon
Sangju
Yongdong
Hwanggan
Hadong
Notch
Pusan Perimeter
Masan
P'ohang-dong
Taegu
1st Naktong Bulge
Bowling Alley
Battle Mountain
Kyongju
Haman
Nam River
Ka-san
Tabu-dong
Yongsan
2nd Naktong Bulge
United Nations Command counteroffensive (15 September – 30 October 1950)
Inchon
Pusan Perimeter offensive
2nd Seoul
UN September 1950 counteroffensive
Hill 282
UN offensive into North Korea
Sariwon
Pyongyang
Yongyu
Kujin
Chongju
Sunchon tunnel
Chinese Intervention (25 October 1950 – January 1951)
Onjong
Unsan
Pakchon
Second Phase Offensive
Ch'ongch'on River
Wawon
Chosin Reservoir
Task Force Faith
UN retreat from North Korea
Hungnam evacuation
3rd Seoul
Uijeongbu
1st and 2nd Wonju
Pohang
Fighting around the 38th parallel (January – June 1951)
Happy Valley
Thunderbolt
Twin Tunnels
Roundup
Hoengsong
Chipyong-ni
3rd Wonju
Chuam-ni
Wonsan
Killer
4th Seoul (Operation Ripper)
Maehwa-san
Courageous
Tomahawk
Rugged
Dauntless
Spring offensive
Imjin River
Yultong
Hwacheon
Kapyong
Soyang River
UN May–June 1951 counteroffensive
Stalemate (July 1951 – 27 July 1953)
Bloody Ridge
Minden
Punchbowl
Heartbreak Ridge
Commando
1st Maryang-san
Haktang-ni
Polecharge
2nd Maryang-san
Rat Killer
Hill Eerie
Old Baldy
Blaze
Bunker Hill
Outpost Kelly
White Horse Hill
Arrowhead Hill
Triangle Hill
Jackson Heights
Noris
1st Hook
2nd Hook
Chatkol
Outpost Vegas
Pork Chop Hill
Little Switch
Nevada Complex
3rd Hook
Outpost Harry
Kumsong
Berlin Outposts and Boulder City
Samichon River
Korean Armistice Agreement
Big Switch
Panmunjom Declaration
Air operations (1950 – 1953)
Air Campaign
MiG Alley
Sunchon
Strangle
Sui-ho Dam
Bombing of North Korea 1950–1953
Naval operations (1950 – 1953)
Naval engagements of the Korean War
For further information, see also: Korean War (template)
The Battle of Inchon (Korean: 인천 상륙 작전; Hanja: 仁川上陸作戰; RR: Incheon Sangnyuk Jakjeon), also spelled Battle of Incheon, was an amphibious invasion and a battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations Command (UN). The operation involved some 75,000 troops and 261 naval vessels and led to the recapture of the South Korean capital of Seoul two weeks later.[9] The code name for the Inchon operation was Operation Chromite.
The battle began on 15 September 1950 and ended on 19 September. Through a surprise amphibious assault far from the Pusan Perimeter that UN and Republic of Korea Army (ROK) forces were desperately defending, the largely undefended city of Incheon was secured after being bombed by UN forces. The battle ended a string of victories by the North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA). The subsequent UN recapture of Seoul partially severed the KPA's supply lines in South Korea.
The UN and ROK forces were commanded by General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of the United States Army. MacArthur was the driving force behind the operation, overcoming the strong misgivings of more cautious generals to a risky assault over extremely unfavorable terrain. The battle was followed by a rapid collapse of the KPA; within a month of the Incheon landing, the Americans had taken 135,000 KPA troops prisoner.[10]
^Halberstam 2007, p. 302
^attached to the US Army 7th Infantry Division
^attached to the USMC 1st Marine Division
^attached to the US Army 7th Infantry Division and the USMC 1st Marine Division
^attached to the US Army 7th Infantry Division
^attached to the US Army 7th Infantry Division
^Utz, Curtis (2000). Assault from the Sea: The Amphibious Landing at Inchon. Washington: Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy. p. 24. ISBN 0945274270.
^Hoyt 1984, p. 11. They did not anticipate any air opposition for, as far as intelligence knew, the North Koreans had only nineteen planes left.
^The Independent, 16 September 2010, p. 35 reporting on a 60th-anniversary re-enactment.
^Stueck, William W. (2002), Rethinking the Korean War: A New Diplomatic and Strategic History, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0691118475 Page 202.
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